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Responsive Table
sap.m.Table
Intro
The responsive table is the default table in SAP Fiori. It contains a set of line items and is fully responsive. Depending on the scenario, users can also navigate from the line items to further details.
A line item contains several data points sorted into columns. A data point refers to a unit of information, such as a number, a text, a unit of measurement, and so on, which can be used to form the content of a table, form or other control. One data point is usually displayed by a control, such as a text, object status, or input field. A control can display more than one data point, for example, by concatenating text.
In contrast to traditional tables, a “cell” of the responsive table is not limited to displaying only one control, and therefore a single cell can present far more than one data point.
Usage
Use the responsive table if:
- You need a table. The responsive table is the default table in SAP Fiori.
- You need to use various controls inside a line item, such as micro charts. By contrast, the analytical table supports only a very limited set of controls.
- The focus is on line items, not on cells. The responsive table is optimized for viewing complete items on all devices.
- Selecting one or more items is a main use case and details are needed to choose the correct item.
- Line items are independent of each other and no operation across columns is needed.
- You want to have only one implementation for all devices. As the name suggests, the responsive table is responsive.
Do not use the responsive table if:
- The main use case is to select one item from a very small number of items, without viewing additional details. In this case, a select or combo box might be more appropriate.
- The main use case is to select one item from several items, with the possibility of viewing only a few details per item. In this case, a list might be more appropriate. Pay attention to the layout of the list item to ensure that it has a pleasant appearance.
- The cell level and the spatial relationship between cells is more important than the line item. In this case, use the analytical table or grid table. Examples include spreadsheet analyses and waterfall charts. Note that neither the analytical table nor the grid table are fully responsive. Both are only available for desktops and tablets, so you will need to take an adaptive approach by offering an additional UI for smartphones.
- You expect the table to contain more than around 1,000 rows. Try using the analytical table or grid table instead; they are easier to handle, perform better, and are optimized for handling large numbers of items.
Note that neither the analytical table nor the grid table are fully responsive. Both are only available for desktops and tablets, so you will need to take an adaptive approach by offering an additional UI for smartphones. - Comparing items is a major use case. In this case, the analytical table or grid table might be more appropriate because each cell contains only one data point. By contrast, the responsive table offers greater flexibility within line items, including the ability to add more data points per cell and the pop-in function. Both make comparisons more difficult. Note that neither the analytical table nor the grid table are fully responsive. Both are only available for desktops and tablets, so you will need to take an adaptive approach by offering an additional UI for smartphones.
- Data needs to be structured in a hierarchical manner. In this case, a tree table might be more appropriate. Although the analytical table can have several grouping levels, it is not as flexible when nodes at several levels contain child nodes. Note that neither the analytical table nor the grid table are fully responsive. Both are only available for desktops and tablets, so you will need to take an adaptive approach by offering an additional UI for smartphones.
- You need an overview of a large amount of data. In this case, use a chart.
- You just need it for layout reasons. In this case, use a layout container such as a horizontal layout or a vertical layout instead.
- You need read-only or editable field-value pairs. In this case, use a form instead. The responsive table is not optimized for form-like input navigation.
See the table overview to decide which SAP Fiori table is most suitable for your needs.
Responsiveness
The responsive table is optimized for viewing one line item at a time with no scrolling or only vertical scrolling, irrespective of the display width.
On smartphones, only the most important data remains in the one-column or two-column table, while all other data is moved to the space between two item rows, known as the “pop-in area”.
In this area, data for the corresponding cell is provided as a label/value pair. The label is defined by the column header, and the value is taken from the corresponding cell. Labels can be displayed next to the value or above the value.
Within the pop-in area, the label/value pairs can be displayed in the following ways (sap.m.Table, property: PopinLayout):
- Block: Label/value pairs are listed one below the other.
- GridSmall: Label/value pairs are displayed next to each other in equally spaced grid cells. An additional column is shown for each 13 rem of available width (208 px with default browser settings). If the number of grid cells exceeds the available width, the grid cells wrap. On S size, this layout transforms automatically to a block layout.
- GridLarge: The display logic is the same as for GridSmall,, but grid columns come with a larger minimum width (26 rem instead of 13 rem).
In all layouts, you can show the labels next to or above (recommended) the corresponding data.
The responsive table uses all the available space, and does not provide any padding. If there is space around the table, it comes from the spacing defined for the surrounding layout container.
The responsive behavior is optional. If it is not used, the responsive table just minimizes all visible columns until they are no longer readable.
There are two ways to configure responsiveness: auto pop-in mode and manual pop-in mode (sap.m.Table, property: autoPopinMode).
The auto pop-in mode ensures responsiveness automatically and is sufficient in most cases. You can still influence the behavior per column, but only to a limited extent.
The manual mode is more flexible, but needs are more configuration. This configuration becomes more cumbersome when table columns can be shown/hidden or re-ordered. On the other hand, only the manual mode allows you to:
- Let more than one column stay in the tabular layout
- Move more than one column into the pop-in area at once
In both modes, the responsive table ensures that at least one column always remains in the table layout.
Auto Pop-In Mode
The auto pop-in mode handles responsiveness automatically. You can optimize this to a certain extent by adapting the behavior per column.
Columns have a minimum width. As soon as the width of all the visible columns exceeds the table width, the right-most column moves to the pop-in. The default minimum width per column is 8 rem. You can change this value for each column (sap.m.Column, property: autoPopinWidth).
To further influence the behavior, you can assign columns a priority. Low-priority columns move to the pop-in first (right-most low priority column first), medium-priority columns next, and high-priority columns last. The default priority is “none”, which is handled like the “medium” priority (sap.m.Column, property: importance).
Instead of moving columns to the pop-in area, you can also hide columns of one or more priority levels (property: hiddenInPopin).
In auto pop-in mode, all other pop-in-related column settings are ignored.
Manual Pop-In Mode
The manual pop-in mode allows more flexibility but also requires more effort if you want it to work in a meaningful way. You also need to invest additional effort if table columns can be shown/hidden or re-ordered.
You need to configure each column manually. Depending on the width of the table (in pixels), the column needs to know which of the following responses is required:
- Stay in the table layout (in auto pop-in mode, only one column stays in the table layout).
- Move to the pop-in (sap.m.Column, with the properties: demandPopin, minScreenWidth, popinHAlign, popinDisplay).
- Hide
By default, the table width is assumed to be the screen width. If the table does not use the full width of the screen, app developers must configure the table accordingly (sap.m.Table, property: contextualWidth).
Because you configure the pop-in response for each column individually, you can also handle more than one column at a given breakpoint. This allows you to move several columns to the pop-in area at once, which isn’t possible in auto pop-in mode
Each of the three device types has a predefined value for the screen width. However, you will get better results if you offer more breakpoints by using pixel values instead of the predefined values.
For the smallest screen width, keep the following information in the table layout:
- The identifier of the line item
- The key attribute
Example for Block Layout
Move the column “price” to the pop-in area for a width smaller than 270 px (sap.m.Column, properties: demandPopin, minScreenWidth).
If you still need to support smaller screens, values can be moved below the corresponding labels inside the pop-in area. In these examples, this happens for a width smaller than 220 px (sap.m.Column, property: popinDisplay).
Example for GridLarge Layout
In this example, the Average Occupancy Rate and Available In columns move to the pop-in area if the screen width is less than 1900 pixels.
If the width is less than 1500 pixels, the Average Stay column moves to the pop-in area.
If the width is less than 1100 pixels, the Description column moves to the pop-in area. Since all four columns in the pop-in area do not fit into one row, the pop-in wraps.
Layout
The optional title bar consists of the title of the responsive table, an item counter, variant management, and the toolbar.
The filter infobar appears when the responsive table is filtered, and shows information on the filter settings.
The column header shows the label for each column.
The collection of items, or rows, occupies the main part of the responsive table.
You can add aggregation information (such as totals) on the table footer.
A More button can be shown if you do not want all items to be loaded at the start (known as “lazy loading”). Ideally, you should use scrolling to load more items instead of choosing the More button.
Components
The title bar contains the title of the responsive table, an item counter, variant management, and the toolbar.
Behavior and Interaction
The responsive table is quite flexible with regard to its content.
Table Level
Scroll
The height of the table is defined by the number of items it contains. It does not have a scroll container on its own, but is scrolled together with the app (in contrast to the grid table and the analytical table).
If the table works in a “growing” mode, it only loads a few items at first. Additional items are only loaded (and rendered) on request. The “request” can either be triggered by scrolling (preferred), or by clicking the More button.
When the user scrolls, the title bar, column headers, and filter infobar can stick to the top of the surrounding layout container (sap.m.Table, property: sticky).
Merge Duplicates
To simulate the behavior of row spanning, you can merge cells of consecutive rows inside one or more columns automatically if they contain the same value (sap.m.Column, properties: mergeDuplicates, mergeFunctionName).
Use the merge feature if you expect the column to contain duplicate entries, and it makes sense to group them. In the example screenshot, the Supplier, Product, and Dimensions columns reflect a hierarchical structure: Suppliers have products, which in turn have dimensions. Because suppliers typically have multiple products, merging duplicate entries for the supplier column makes the table easier to read. Note, however, that when the user sorts the table by another field, the hierarchy changes and the merged items are regrouped accordingly.
Do not use the merge feature:
- If duplicate entries are not part of the design. If consecutive table rows happen to have the same values at runtime, this alone isn’t a valid reason to group them.
- If the corresponding column can contain blank cells. Otherwise, it is cumbersome to differentiate between blank values and merged values.
Select
A responsive table can have one of the following selection modes (sap.m.Table/ sap.m.ListBase, property: mode):
- None: Items cannot be selected (sap.m.ListMode.None).
Beware: Line items can still use the sap.m.ListType “navigation”, which allows click handling on specific line items. Only use this option if the click triggers navigation to a corresponding line item details page.
- Single selection master: One item in the responsive table can be selected. Items are selected by clicking the whole row. The single select master mode has no obvious visual cues, such as checkboxes or radio buttons. It only provides a light blue background for the selected state. Because of this, it can barely be differentiated from tables without selection (mode: None). Single select master is the preferred mode for single selection (sap.m.ListMode.SingleSelectMaster).
- Single selection left: One item in the responsive table can be selected. For this, the responsive table provides radio buttons on the left side of each line item. Only use this mode if row clicks are being used for something else, such as navigation. (sap.m.ListMode.SingleSelectLeft).
- Multiple selection: Users can select one or more items using the checkboxes on the left side of each line item. The Shift key can be used to select a range. Users can (de)select all items using the Select All checkbox to the left of the column header. Select All should (de)select all items that the user can reach by scrolling. (sap.m.ListMode.MultiSelect).
Group
For grouping items, a group header is displayed (sap.m.GroupHeaderListItem). The group header is not interactive.
Show Aggregations
Show aggregations (such as totals) on the table footer (sap.m.Column, aggregation: footer).
Do not show aggregations in “growing” mode. It is not clear, if an aggregation will only aggregate the items loaded into the front end, or all items.
Load Items
To show more than 200 items, use the “growing” mode (sap.m.Table/ sap.m.ListBase, properties: growing, growingThreshold, growingScrollToLoad, growingTriggerText). The growing mode allows the user to load only the first few items. Additional items are only loaded (and rendered) on request, which improves performance. The “request” can either be done via scrolling (preferred), or by clicking the More button.
If using the More button, show the number of items already loaded and the total number items below the text More, if possible.
Do not show more than 1,000 items overall, even in growing mode. Use the grid table instead.
Do not show aggregations in growing mode. Also, do not display an item count on the table toolbar if growing mode is used. Use the count on the More button instead.
Line Item Level
Delete Single Item Rows
To delete single item rows, use the table in the mode “delete” (sap.m.Table/ sap.m.ListBase, property: mode, value: sap.m.ListMode.Delete). This adds Delete buttons to each line item. Clicking this button triggers the deletion of the corresponding line item.
Do not use this mode if deleting multiple lines at once is the preferred use case.
Delete is a mode of the responsive table and therefore cannot be used together with single selection or multiselection.
Highlight an Item
To highlight an item, use the “highlight” indicator (sap.m.ColumnListItem, properties: highlight).
Navigate
To allow navigation from a line item, use an item with the type “navigation” (sap.m.ColumnListItem/ sap.m.ListItemBase, property: type, value: sap.m.ListType.Navigation). This creates an indicator at the end of the line (“>”) and the entire line item becomes clickable. If the user clicks on the line, navigate to a new page containing line item details. In rare cases, you can also use the navigation mode for category navigation, without navigating to another page.
By contrast, clicking an interactive control within a line item does not trigger the navigation event. Instead, the corresponding control handles the click event.
If no navigation is possible, set sap.m.ListType to “inactive”.
“Navigation” is a list item type and therefore cannot be used together with “edit”, or in combination with click events for the entire item (“active”).
Indicate Navigated Item
When multi-selection is used in a master-detail scenario, it is not clear which item was last opened (for example, which item is currently shown in the second column of a flexible column layout). In this case only (multi-selection table with navigable items), you can display a “navigated” indicator to mark the item that is currently open (sap.m.ColumnListItem, property: navigated).
Edit Line Items
To allow editing for a line item, set sap.m.ListType to “detail” within the corresponding item (sap.m.ColumnListItem/ sap.m.ListItemBase, property: type, value: sap.m.ListType.Detail or sap.m.ListType.DetailAndActive). This will create an Edit button at the end of the line. Clicking the button triggers the edit event. Use this event to switch the corresponding line item to edit mode.
Edit is a list item type and therefore cannot be used together with “navigation” or in combination with click events for the entire item (“active”).
Click an Item
Items as a whole can be clickable. An event is fired by clicking on the item (anywhere where there is no interactive control inside the item). Apps can react on the event, for example, by opening a dialog (sap.m.ColumnListItem/ sap.m.ListItemBase, property: type, value: sap.m.ListType.Active or sap.m.ListType.DetailAndActive).
Active elements do not have a visual indication and can therefore not be differentiated from non-active elements.
Active is a list item type and can therefore not be used together with “navigation” or “edit”. In addition, “active” uses the whole item as a clickable area and therefore cannot be used together with a single-selection table.
Drag and Drop
One or several items can be repositioned within a table or moved to other UI elements using drag and drop operations (sap.m.ListBase, aggregation: dragDropConfig). While being dragged, the items are shown as ghost elements on the mouse cursor.
Drop targets can be on items, between items, or both (sap.ui.core.dnd.DropPosition). On a drop target, the mouse cursor changes to either a “copy”, “link”, “move”, or “none” cursor. “None” indicates that the dragged item cannot be dropped in the current position (sap.ui.core.dnd.DropEffect).
Drag and drop is only available on supporting browsers.
Context Menu
You can attach a context menu (sap.m.Menu) to a table. The context menu gives users an alternative way to modify the focused elements by giving them access to context-specific functions.
When opened, the context menu gets the row and column context, except for special columns (such as the selection column). Context menus can be implemented for a specific table or row.
Context menus are opened by right-clicking (desktop), long press (mobile), the context menu key, or SHIFT+F10.
Be aware that using the context menu overrides the browser context menu, which can no longer be opened.
If a control inside a table is the “click target”, and the control also provides a context menu, the control context menu “wins”.
Cell Level
Showing Information
In contrast to traditional tables (such as the analytical table or the tree table), a cell can contain more than just one line of text.
Add Controls
Alongside textual elements, you can also add any control to a table cell, such as input fields, microcharts, buttons, and so on.
A cell can contain more than one control and more than one data point.
With the View Settings dialog, users can sort, filter, and group by each of these data points.
Guidelines
Responsiveness
In most cases, the auto pop-in mode is sufficient. If you need to optimize further, first try to adapt the columns to influence the automatic behavior (sap.m.Column, properties: autoPopinWidth, importance). For example, set the priority for the two or three most important columns to “High” (identifying column, key attribute).
While the pop-in layouts GridLarge and GridSmall make better use of the available width, they also only look good with content that is specifically designed for these pop-in layouts. If you have text-only tables with only one value per column, use the Block layout (sap.m.Table, property: popinLayout).
Place the column header labels in the pop-in area above the corresponding values (sap.m.Column, property: popinDisplay, value: Block). This avoids alignment issues with different content. Be aware that the labels get top-aligned with the adjacent content.
Only place the label next to the corresponding value under the following conditions (sap.m.Column, property: popinDisplay, value: Inline):
- The values are text-only (no input fields, icons, images, micro charts, and so on)
- The available space is at least the double the width of size S.
This avoids truncation or “over-wrapping” of the labels and content.
If a column does not have a column header text (for example, if it always contains the same button with its own label), do not show the header text as a label in the pop-in area either (sap.m.Column, property: popinDisplay, value: withoutHeader). If you forget this setting, you will see an empty space followed by a colon (“:”).
Design for Performance
To optimize performance, we recommend showing no more than 200 items at once in the responsive table. For larger datasets (up to 1,000 items), use the “growing” mechanism to limit the number of displayed items, and make sure that users can filter the data.
Table Title
Use a table title only if the title of the table is not indicated in the surrounding area. Do not use a table title if it simply repeats text that is already above the table. For example:
- A pricing conditions table is the only control on a tab labeled Pricing Conditions.
- A section or subsection on an object page contains only one table.
Use a table title if you need the item count, table toolbar, or variant management. To avoid repeating text, feel free to use generic text as a table title, such as Items.
Exception: If the surrounding area contains the table title, and both the item count and toolbar can be added to the surrounding area, no additional table title is needed.
Example: An object page (sub-)section contains only one table. In this case, add the item count and the table toolbar to the (sub-)section header.
If you use a table title, show either a title for the table, with or without variant management, or an item count in the following format:
Items (2,534)
The item count in the table title includes all the visible items that a user can reach by scrolling. Group headers are not included.
Remove the item count in the table title if there are zero items. Do not use an item count together with “growing mode”.
If possible, keep the title bar sticky (sap.m.Table, property: sticky).
Selection
If the click area for the row is being used for another purpose (such as navigation), it cannot be used for selecting the row. In this case, use the “single select left” selection mode, which offers a radio button as an additional click area for each row. To avoid confusion, make sure that the first data column does not contain radio buttons in default delivery.
In all other single selection cases, use the selection mode “single select master”.
For all single selection modes, make sure that one item is initially selected. Otherwise, the user cannot return to the initial state. A selected item can only be deselected by selecting another item.
In multiple selection mode, do not show checkboxes in the first data column in the default delivery to avoid confusion. Offer the Select All checkbox for (de)selecting all items the user can reach by scrolling.
Loading Data
To indicate that the table is currently loading items, use the busy state. (sap.m.Table, property: busy). Do not show any items or text. As soon as the data is loaded, remove the busy state and show all items.
Columns – Best Practices
Minimize the number of columns:
- On a smartphone, use only one or two columns, depending on the content.
- On a tablet or desktop, use three to five columns if the responsive table is shown within the flexible column layout. Use about eight columns if using the full screen width, depending on the content.
If the responsive table does not fit into the width provided:
- Hide columns to reduce the width of the table.
- Use pop-in areas to show the whole content by increasing the height of the line items (sap.m.Column, properties: demandPopin, minScreenWidth).
At the smallest size, keep the following information in the table layout:
- The column that identifies the line item.
- The column that contains the key attribute.
If both of these do not fit into the width provided, keep just the column with the line item identifier in the tabular layout.
The responsive table assigns the same width to each column by default. It is recommended that you overwrite this default to provide optimal space for your content (sap.m.Column, property: width).
Optimize column width for its initial content (sap.m.Column, property: width). If the content is dynamic, optimize column width for typical content.
If you need more columns than those that fit on a tablet screen (usually five) to fulfill 80% of your main use cases, offer an option to add, remove, and rearrange columns via the table personalization dialog. Before doing so, try to reduce the number of columns, for example, by using several lines per column or by utilizing the pop-in function. See the cheat sheet for an example.
Column Headers – Best Practices
Within the column header, provide a label for each column (sap.m.Column, aggregation: header). The column header label is reused as a label in the pop-in area.
Exception: If the column does not pop in, no column header label is needed as long as at least one column still has a column header label.
Use controls that wrap and support wrapping with hyphenation, such as text (with wrapping and hyphenation enabled). Do not use controls that truncate.
Keep column headers sticky.
Column headers (sap.m.Column, aggregation: header) usually contain links or text-based controls.
Column headers can also contain other kinds of SAP Fiori controls. However, the column header cannot be aligned vertically, making it difficult to use many controls in the column header. Using other kinds of controls also creates problems with pop-in behavior and could thus lead to accessibility issues. Therefore, exercise caution when using them in a column header.
If a column cell contains several fields, use an umbrella term in the column header (such as Address for fields like Street, ZIP Code, and City).
For text and ID fields, use a generic label (for example, Employee for Name and ID).
If none of these are possible, separate the labels with “/” (for example, Name / Status).
For boolean values, such as checkboxes, find a descriptive text for the column header.
Horizontal Content Alignment
For alignment of cell content, follow the guidelines below (sap.m.Column, properties: halgin, valign, sap.m.ColumnListItem, property: VAlign). Align the column header horizontally according to the content of the cell.
Exception: Secondary information in a column always follows the alignment of the main information.
Left-Align
Left-align: Status information
Right-Align
Right-align: Dates and times (to ensure comparability for most formats and locales)
Center-Align
Center-align: Icons, images, and avatars
Keep the column name for center-aligned columns as short as possible to avoid excessive white space between columns. Alternatively, you can leave the column header empty on the visual UI, and use the invisible text control to provide information on the column content for screen reader listeners.
Center-align: All actions in a line item that appear as buttons
If you have more than one action, display them next to each other. Order the buttons based on importance. The most important action is on the left, the least important on the right. If there is not enough space to display them all in one line, move the actions from the right onto the next line one by one. We recommend a maximum of two buttons per line item.
Vertical Content Alignment
Top-align where possible to facilitate reading the content on one line.
Do not use top-alignment if it results in a peculiar layout. This usually happens when controls that need more vertical space are combined with text-only controls, such as input fields. In this case, try center-alignment instead and fine tune it until the layout fits.
Content Formatting
The responsive table provides flexibility, including multi-line cells, by enabling every control to be put into a cell.
As a key identifier of an item, use an object identifier. Show the key identifier in the first column. For more information, see object display components.
If the table width is small, do not hide this column or move it to the pop-in area.
Strings with IDs: If the responsive table contains more single-line data, show the ID in brackets after the corresponding string.
This minimizes the line height.
Strings with IDs: If line height is already large, show the ID below the corresponding string. Use the object identifier to do so.
If there is more than one key identifier (for example, First Name and Last Name), display these columns first and show the values in bold text.
For status information, use semantic colors on the foreground elements.
For status information on text: If the status is actionable, add a transparent icon button next to the text.
Avoid truncation. Use controls that wrap the text and support hyphenation.
For example, use text.
For editable content, use input fields and other interactive controls within the table cells. If you need to offer edit mode, change your text controls (labels, text, and links, to input fields or other appropriate controls) as soon as you switch to edit mode, but not before.
You can do this by changing the control or, in more complex cases, by exchanging the whole responsive table.
If there is no value for a cell, leave it blank. Do not display text as N/A.
Numbering Items
- If the item number has four digits/letters or less and is equally important as the corresponding description, concatenate the item number with the description and show it in one column.
- If the item number has five digits/letters or more, or if it is more important than the corresponding description, for example, when no description is available, use a separate column for the item number.
- If the item number is more like an ID in regards to its description, use ID formatting, like Description (ID).
Flag and Favorite
Place the flag or favorite marker in the first column (in the default delivery). To change the settings, users need to drill down into the object itself.
Empty Tables
Try not to display an empty responsive table. If there is no way around this, provide instructions on how to fill the table with data (sap.m.Table/ sap.m.ListBase, properties: showNoData, noDataText).
Examples:
- If a table is initially empty, provide at least a basic text:
No items available.
Overwrite this whenever a hint can be provided on how to fill the table with data. - If a table is used together with a filter bar (as in the list report), and is initially empty, use the following text:
To start, set the relevant filters. - If a table is used together with a filter bar and the filter does not return results, use the following text:
No data found. Try adjusting the filter settings.
Adapt the texts above if:
- The standard text is not precise enough for your use case (for example, a search is also offered, or only the search is offered).
- The standard text is misleading (for example, if the data is filled based on a master-detail pattern instead of filter settings).
Remove the item count in the table title if there are zero items.
Item States
To show that an item is unread, use the corresponding flag (sap.m.Table, property: showUnread, sap.m.ColumnListItem/ sap.m.ListItemBase, property: unread). This shows most of the content in bold font.
An unread item
To show that an item has been modified, for example, within the global edit flow, add the string (Modified) at the bottom of the column that identifies the line item.
A modified item
To show that a modified item contains an error (for example, within the global edit flow), add the string (Contains errors) at the bottom of the column that identifies the line item. To do this, use an object status control with the error state (sap.m.ObjectStatus, property: state, value: sap.ui.core.ValueState.Error).
In addition, highlight the row accordingly (sap.m.ListItemBase, property: highlight).
A modified item with an error
To show that an item is locked, use a transparent button with the corresponding icon and the text Locked by [Name] at the bottom of the identifying column. The user can click the button to open a quick view of the person.
Show only one state at any one time.
Highlight Items
To show that an item needs attention, you can show a highlight indicator next to the item. The highlight indicator can indicate:
- A semantic state, such as red or orange for an error or warning. In this case, use semantic colors.
- Additional information, such as blue to highlight newly added items. In this case, use semantic colors.
- Industry-specific or process-specific states, such as “out of stock” or “excess of inventory”. In this case, use indication colors.
Be aware that the highlight is just an indication. It doesn’t tell users exactly what is wrong. Make sure that you provide this information within the table row, ideally in the same color.
For details on the use of highlight colors, see How To Use Semantic Colors / Industry-Specific Colors.
(sap.m.ListItemBase, property: highlight)
Numbers and Units
If the following conditions all apply, show the unit of measurement in the column header:
- The unit of measurement is the same for all rows
- A single cell contains only one amount with the unit of measurement
- The column header does not scroll away
In all other cases, show the unit of measurement together with the corresponding amount within the row.
Show the unit of measurement in the same column as the corresponding amount.
For numbers with units, show the correct formatting by using the object number control.
For the most important number with its unit, show the correct formatting by using the object number control and the emphasized flag.
Exception: If all numbers are of equal importance, emphasize none of them.
If the table width is narrow, do not hide this column or move it to the pop-in area.
Exception: If the column containing the object identifier and the column containing the key attribute do not fit together on the screen, move the column containing the key attribute to the pop-in area.
Drag and Drop
Drag and drop is “invisible” on the UI: users can’t see where dragging is available and where it isn’t. In addition, it is not accessible, since there is no generic keyboard interaction. Drag and drop is also not available on all browsers. For these reasons, provide it only in addition to existing (and visible) UI elements that fulfill the same purpose. For example, offer (toolbar) buttons for moving or for copying and pasting items.
If you offer drag and drop for rearranging items within the table, use drop targets that are between items (sap.ui.core.dnd.DropPosition.Between). This provides better feedback on where the item will be inserted. Show the “move” mouse cursor (sap.ui.core.dnd.DropEffect.Move).
Do not combine rearranging items and sorting. If you really need to do so, make sure that there is a dedicated sort criterion for the user-defined sort order, and only offer options for rearranging items if this sort order is set.
When combining rearranging items with grouping, be aware that moving items to another group also means that a value of the dropped item changes: because grouping is based on values in a column, the dropped item needs to take on the value of the target group for the corresponding column. If this is not wanted, do not allow users to rearrange items in grouped tables.
Example:
A table is grouped by availability. An item is moved from the group “Not Available” to the group “In Stock”. In this case, the moved item needs to change its availability to “In Stock” to match the target group. If changing the value doesn’t make sense, only allow users to rearrange the items within the same group, or don’t allow rearranging at all.
Context Menu
Use the context menu only to give users a quick way of accessing functions that are already available elsewhere (for example, as buttons in the toolbar).
Don’t just offer actions in the context menu itself, as users might not realize that these actions are available at all.
The context menu can be triggered for the whole table or per row.
Actions
To trigger actions on multiple items, use a multiselection table (sap.m.Table, property: mode, value: sap.m.ListMode.MultiSelect), and offer the corresponding actions on the table toolbar. Keep the table toolbar sticky (sap.m.Table, property: sticky).
Do not offer actions for multiple items if the table is expected to have fewer than 10 items in most cases.
To trigger actions on a single item only (sap.m.Table, property: mode, value: sap.m.ListMode.SingleSelectMaster):
- Show the actions on the table toolbar.
- In rare cases, show the actions within the line item. One example would be an Add to Cart button in a shopping application. Since these actions are repeated in every line and thus use a lot of screen real estate, do this only for a maximum of one or two actions. In this case, show the action trigger near the content to which it belongs. Do not add a specific column for actions. Use a button, unless the action trigger belongs to a link. Hide the action in rows for which it is not applicable.
- Don’t bundle inline actions that don’t belong together under an unspecific label, such as Misc, Actions, … , or similar.
Enabling/Disabling Actions
To indicate if an action can be applied to the current selection:
- Enable the action if it always works, regardless of whether or not items are selected.
- Enable the action if it can be applied to all selected items.
- Enable the action if it can be applied to some of the selected items. If the action is triggered, show a message that informs the user how many items will be affected. Give users the option to apply the action anyway or to cancel the action.
- Only disable the action if it can be applied to none of the selected items.
For more details, see UI Element – States.
If the action was applied, and if the items are still available, keep them selected.
Message for an action that applies to a part of a selection
The following actions on single items must always be in-line:
Delete: Use “Delete” table mode (sap.m.Table/ sap.m.ListBase, property: mode, value: sap.m.ListMode.Delete). This places a Delete button at the end of each row.
Navigation: Use the “Navigation” column list item type (sap.m.ColumnListItem/ sap.m.ListItemBase, property: type, value: sap.m.ListType.Navigation). This places a Navigation indicator at the end of each row.
Use this to navigate to a new page containing line item details. In rare cases, you can also use this for navigation within the table without navigating to another page.
From these three actions (delete, navigation, and edit), you can combine delete and edit, or delete and navigation.
Edit and navigation cannot be combined.
To trigger actions that are independent of the selection, show the actions on the table toolbar. Examples of such actions are add, edit (in the sense of changing the whole table to edit mode), sort, filter, group (or view settings), and table personalization.
To trigger a default action on the whole line item, use the “Active” or “DetailAndActive” column list item type (sap.m.ColumnListItem/ sap.m.ListItemBase, property: type, value: sap.m.ListType.Active).
Active items trigger an event when clicked, which can be handled by apps (for example, to open a dialog). Clicks on interactive controls within the item do not trigger the event, but are handled by the interactive control. Do not use this for navigation, to switch the line item to an edit state, or to delete the item.
Active can be combined with edit and delete, but not with navigation. Do not combine active with single selection.
Add Items
For adding items, place an Add or Create text button on the table toolbar.
- Use Create if the button adds a brand new item that doesn’t yet exist on the database.
- Use Add if the item already exists and is merely added or assigned to the current object.
Show new items as the first item of the table, with a visual highlight at the beginning of the row.
Enable the shortcut CTRL+ENTER to trigger the Add and Create buttons.
There are three options for adding an item. In order of priority (most recommended first), these are:
- Add the item inline. Create an empty, editable row as the first item of the table. Show the Save button on the table toolbar. This option is recommended for simple scenarios with just a few columns and no option to hide columns.
- Open a dialog for larger tables with up to 8 editable columns. Save the new item at the dialog level.
- Navigate to a new page. This behavior should only be used for very complex scenarios that cannot be handled by a dialog (for example, tables with more than 8 columns). When the user presses Save in the footer toolbar of the create page, navigate back to the table.
A new item can have three different states:
- New: The item was just created and is in edit mode. It is highlighted with a visual indicator.
- Recent: The item was saved, but is still highlighted and displayed as the first item of the table. Current filter, sort and group criteria are ignored to keep the item visible.
- As soon as the responsive table is sorted, filtered, or grouped again, the action is also applied to the new item. It then also loses the visual highlight.
In the context of the draft handling new items are not saved on table level, but rather with the entire draft.
For more details, see the guidelines for managing objects (including subarticles).
Editable Content
For editable content, use input fields and any other interactive controls within the table cells that meet your input needs.
All SAPUI5 controls can be used.
If you need edit mode, change your text controls, such as label, text, and link, to input fields, or other appropriate controls as soon as you switch to edit mode, but not before.
You can do this by exchanging the control or, in more complex cases, by exchanging the entire responsive table.
For mass editing items:
- Provide multiselection (sap.m.Table/ sap.m.ListBase, property: mode, value: sap.m.ListMode.MultiSelect).
- Provide an Edit button.
- If several items are selected, choosing the Edit button opens a dialog in which the user edits the corresponding fields for all selected items.
For details, see mass editing.
View Settings: Sort, Filter, and Group
Sort, filter, and/or group settings are handled in the view settings dialog. This dialog can provide any combination of these three settings, including just one setting, such as sort only.
- If sorting, filtering, and/or grouping are a common use case in your app, offer one, two, or all three of the corresponding features in one or more view settings dialogs. Note: Do not offer these features if the table is expected to have only a small number of entries (up to 20 in most cases).
- If filtering is a main use case, do not offer filtering in the view settings dialog. Use the filter bar instead.
To trigger the view settings dialog, provide several buttons, one for each of these view settings. Each button opens a view settings dialog that contains only the relevant page.
You should always use only the view settings you really need. For example, do not offer grouping if it does not support your use case well.
Using the view settings dialog allows you to define several sort, filter, and/or group settings per column. Therefore, you can sort, filter, and/or group a column with several data points independently by each data point.
Sort
For the default sort settings, sort by the column that identifies the row, which is usually the first column in default delivery. From this column, use the primary data point.
If you offer sorting, offer it for each data point. In other words, allow sorting by both the primary and secondary information in a column. Allow sorting in both directions, ascending and descending. The descending sort order must always be the exact reverse of the ascending sort order.
For each data point, provide a meaningful sort order. For example:
- Sort text alphabetically
- Sort numbers by their value
- Sort status information by the severity of the status:
- Ascending: Sort status information from positive to negative, with neutral last.
- Descending: Sort status information from negative to positive, with neutral first.
-
- Ascending with different values per severity level: Sort status information from positive to negative, with neutral last. Sort different values within a severity level (semantic color) alphabetically.
- Descending with different values per severity level: Sort status information from negative to positive, with neutral first. Sort different values within a severity level (semantic color) alphabetically.
Filter
To display the current filter state, use the infobar below the table title. Clicking the infobar opens the view settings dialog on the filter page.
Show the infobar only if the filter settings are not shown somewhere else. For example, do not show the infobar for settings taken in the filter bar or in a select placed in the table toolbar.
If the infobar is shown, provide an option to reset all corresponding filters on the infobar.
Keep the infobar sticky (sap.m.Table, property: sticky).
Group
To display the current group state, group headers are shown.
On the group header, show the following text (sap.m.GroupHeaderListItem, property: title):
[Label of the grouped column]: [Grouping Value]
Do not use several values on the group header.
If there is no grouping value, show the following text:
[Label of the grouped column]: (Not Available)
This is the case if you have a group of items that don’t have a value for the grouped column.
Persist the view settings. When a user reopens the app, show the responsive table with the same sort, filter, and group settings as last defined by this user.
Personalization
To add, remove, or rearrange columns, use the table personalization dialog. Trigger the dialog via a button in the table toolbar.
Offer personalization if you need more columns than those that fit on a tablet screen, which is usually five, to fulfill 80% of your main use cases. Before doing so, try to reduce the number of columns, for example, by using several lines per column or by utilizing the pop-in function. See the cheat sheet for an example.
If all columns are hidden, the table shows a corresponding “no data” text.
Persist the column layout settings. When a user reopens the app, show the responsive table with the same column layout as last defined by this user.
Tables in Object Pages
To show a table in the object page content area, use the responsive table.
A responsive table with up to 20 expected items can be displayed right away, without lazy loading.
If you expect the table to have more than 20 items, use one of the following 3 options:
- Lazy loading (More button): Use this option if you expect to have up to 100 items.
- Tab navigation: If you expect to have more than 50 to 100 items, but less than 400, use the object page with tab navigation instead of anchor navigation. Put the table on a dedicated tab.
- Navigation to a list report: If you expect the table to have more than 400 items, or if the tab approach is unsuitable, restrict the number of items in the table itself to a reasonable amount. To provide the user with a way to work with the entire table, offer navigation to a separate list report containing the full table.
For all of the three options mentioned above, we recommend providing a search, and if feasible, sort and filter capabilities for the table in the object page. Grouping should be avoided.
For more information on the use of tables within the object page, see the Tables section of the Object Page article.
Export to Spreadsheet
On the table toolbar, apps can provide a menu button for exporting table data to a spreadsheet. For the export, use the export to spreadsheet function.
Paste
To paste data from the clipboard to the table, the browser functionality for paste can be used (CTRL + V or browser context menu).
- If the focus is on row level, the app has to take the data from the clipboard and add it to the corresponding controls within the table.
- If the focus is on an editable control within the table, the control gets the data automatically.
Pasting via context menu does not work if a custom context menu is used.
Properties
sap.m.Table
The following additional properties are available for the responsive table:
- The property: fixedLayout defines the algorithm the control uses to define column width. Setting it to “false” would perform automatic calculations for the column width, based on the longest non-breakable content. You should always set it to “true” for performance reasons. Exceptions are permissible if the table has only a few columns for a large width and fewer than 10 rows are displayed.
- The property: backgroundDesign defines the background on which items are rendered. Use the default value.
- The property: showOverlay provides an overlay on the whole table, which prevents use of the responsive table. This is used within the list report floorplan to mark the table as outdated after filter settings have been changed but the new filter settings have not yet been applied. Do not use it in other cases.
- The property: inset adds a margin on all sides of the responsive table.
- The property: headerText is a simple way to set the table title if you just need a title. However, do not use any of the following:
- A separate toolbar
- variantManagement
- headerToolbar aggregation
- The property: headerDesign affects the appearance of the header if the theme supports it. Leave the default value as it is.
- The property: footerText adds a small additional row below the table footer or last item. This row can contain text only. Do not use this property.
- The property: width defines the width of the whole table.
- The property: includeItemInSelection uses a click on the whole line item to select the corresponding item if the responsive table is in a selection mode. This competes with other settings like “Navigation” or “Active” and should therefore not be used.
- The property: enableBusyIndicator automatically shows a busy indicator while data is loaded. (In contrast to the property: busy, where the application can control when the table is set to busy state)
- The property: modeAnimationOn does not have any effect. Do not use it.
- The property: showSeparators allows you to show all, none, or some separators. The default setting, which is to show all separators, is to be used.
- The property: swipeDirection allows you to define the direction in which to swipe if additional actions are hidden behind a table row. This works only on touch devices. Do not use this property.
- The property: rememberSelections leaves items selected even if they are not currently visible, for example, through filtering. If this behavior is not wanted, set the flag to “false”, but you should do so only in exceptional cases.
- The property: busy sets the table to a busy state. While in busy state, the whole table cannot be used and items cannot be read due to an overlay.
- The property: busyIndicatorDelay defines the time after which a busy state is shown after the responsive table has been set to this state. Use the default value.
- The property: visible shows the table (“true”) or hides it (“false”).
- The property: tooltip does not have an effect. Do not use it.
- The property: alternateRowColors displays the rows with alternating background colors (“banded rows”). Do not use it.
sap.m.Column
The following additional properties are available for sap.m.Column:
- The property: width defines the width of the column in all units allowed by HTML, such as em, rem, %, and px.
- The property: styleClass is used if you need to change the visual design of a column. Do not use this, but use the default style instead.
- The property: visible shows or hides the column.
- The property: tooltip does not have an effect. Do not use it.
sap.m.ColumnListItem
The following additional properties are available for sap.m.ColumnListItem:
- The property: selected allows an item to be selected programmatically.
- The property: counter does not have any effect. Do not use it.
- Do not use the property: busy.
- Do not use the property: busyIndicatorDelay.
- The property: visible shows or hides the item.
- The property: tooltip adds a tooltip to a whole row. The tooltip is only shown on mouse interaction. It will not work on tablets or smartphones. Do not use it.
Resources
Want to dive deeper? Follow the links below to find out more about related controls, the SAPUI5 implementation, and the visual design.
Elements and Controls
- Analytical Table (guidelines)
- Feed List Item (guidelines)
- Footer Toolbar (guidelines)
- Grid Table (guidelines)
- Object Identifier (guidelines)
- Object Number (guidelines)
- Table Personalization Dialog (guidelines)
- Table Toolbar (guidelines)
- Tree Table (guidelines)
- Variant Management (guidelines)
- View Settings Dialog (guidelines)
Implementation
- Responsive Table (SAPUI5 samples)
- Column (SAPUI5 samples)
- Column List Item (SAPUI5 samples)
- Responsive Table (SAPUI5 API reference)
- Column (SAPUI5 API reference)
- Column List Item (SAPUI5 API reference)