A draft is a temporary version of a business entity that has not yet been explicitly saved as an active version.

Drafts are used:

• To keep unsaved changes if an editing activity is interrupted, allowing users to resume editing later.
• To prevent data loss if an app terminates unexpectedly.
• As a locking mechanism to prevent multiple users from editing the same object at the same time, and to make users aware when there are unsaved changes by another user.

When a user starts creating a new business entity or edits an existing one, a draft is created in parallel in the background to enable field validation and dynamic field control based on user interaction, and to provide default values for fields based on recent data entry. A draft can be validated for consistency and completeness at any time using the different message types and controls described in the message handling article.

While the user is modifying a business entity, an updating indicator is displayed in the footer toolbar. Clicking the Save button is still necessary in order to incorporate the changes into an active business entity, which is called the saved version.

Responsiveness

Sizes M and L offer enough space to display the updating indicator in the toolbar. If there is not enough space available, for example, on a smartphone, do not show the updating indicator. Also note that the text must never be truncated.

Types

Draft Types

Drafts can differ in terms of their visibility to different users and the interactions allowed. SAP Fiori currently employs an exclusive draft scenario. In this type of scenario, one user is the owner of the draft. As long as a user is working on an object, the business entity remains locked for other users until the lock period expires. When the lock expires, other users can discard any unsaved changes and start editing.

Editing Status

In a draft context, we differentiate between the following editing statuses:

• Saved version
  • If all mandatory fields have been filled, and the entries are consistent in the business context, the user can save. When a draft entity is saved, the changes are transferred to the saved version. After saving, the draft is deleted.
• Draft
  • A user’s own draft is tagged as Draft. The editing status to filter for a user’s own drafts is called Own Draft.
• Locked
  • If a user is editing a business entity, it is locked for other users. The object remains locked until the user has finished editing or until the locking time has passed. The editing status to filter for locked entities is called Locked by Another User.
• Unsaved changes
  • If the locking time has expired, other users can see that there are unsaved changes by the person who edited the object The editing status to filter for unsaved entities by other users is called Unsaved Changes by Another User.

The sap.m.objectMarker was developed to express the technical status of an object. The user name cannot be represented with the object marker.

For more information about the sap.m.objectMarker, see the article on object display elements.

Behavior and Interaction

When a user creates a new business entity or edits an existing one, it remains in Draft state until the user saves it.

The following interaction flow shows how the draft concept helps users to create and edit new business entities.

Create and Edit

Draft/Saved Version Switch

When the user changes to edit mode, the main page no longer shows the Edit button. Instead, a draft/saved version switch is shown next to the title of the page that allows the user to switch between the draft version and the current saved version of the business entity.

Select Multiple Items – List in a List-Detail Layout

Resume Editing

Save

Save action – outdated draft

If the lock time expires due to a user’s inactivity, and another user starts editing in the meantime, display the following message:

Type: Error

Title: Error

Message text:

[Object] cannot be saved. A more recent version is available. Any changes you didn’t save were discarded.

Button: Close

Discard Draft

Guidelines

How to Display the Editing Status

In most controls the editing status is clickable and provides access to additional information related to the draft, such as when the draft was created or who the owner of a draft is. Clicking the status opens a responsive popover that displays all relevant information.

Controls That Display the Editing Status

Tables

If you need to indicate the editing status of a business entity in a responsive table, place a link below the key information. Use sapUiTinyMarginTop to align the information in a responsive table.

If you need to indicate the editing status of a business entity in a non-responsive table, such as an analytical table, tree table, or grid table, provide an extra column for that information and place a transparent button inside. Name the column header Editing Status. The column should be placed after the main information on the table.

The editing status has different visualisations, such as icon only, icon and text, or text-only. Choose the one that is the most appropriate. Draft should always be displayed as text-only.

Upload Set

The upload set control uses sap.m.objectMarker to display the editing status. The default behavior for the editing status is as follows:

On L/M size:

• Locked and Unsaved Changes are displayed as icons and text, while Draft is displayed as text.

On S size:

• Locked and Unsaved Changes are displayed as icons, while Draft is displayed as text.

Editing Status Popovers

Which Information Is Shown

Updating Indicator

When a user edits information for a business entity, an indicator shows the user that these changes have been updated to the draft document in the backend system.

If no changes have been made, nothing is shown.

If the changes could not be updated, do not show an indicator. If necessary, use a message box to inform the user about the issue.

If not enough space is available, do not show an indicator. Also note that the text should not be truncated.

Flexible Column Layout

In the flexible column layout, always place the updating indicator in the toolbar of the main page/item. If the users switches to the full screen view of the subitem, place the updating indicator in the toolbar of the subitem.

States

There are two different states:

State 1: Updating draft …

Display state 1 after every content change that triggers a background update (draft). Show this state for at least 1.5 seconds.

State 2: Draft updated

Display state 2 after the draft has been updated. Also show this state for at least 1.5 seconds.

Bookmarking and Deep Linking

A page of an application that is not its entry page can be bookmarked or shared as a deep link. Ideally, the full UI state of the page will be retrieved. Technically this includes every part that is represented in the URL. For more information, see the article on deep linking.

Bookmarking a draft

If a bookmark is called for an entity that was bookmarked while in draft state, open the entity in edit mode.

If the bookmark relates to an entity that no longer exists due to an action that triggered its deletion, such as Save or Discard, or if it cannot be accessed, display an empty page.

Message text:

The [entity] is no longer available.
[App name as link]

If a user shares a link to an entity with another user, the other user will be taken to the display view of the entity. If a different user’s draft exists, the page shows the appropriate editing status, such as Locked by [user name].

Deep Linking

Filtering

The table in a worklist is filtered by the properties defined by the app (by default) or by the user. Draft objects are filtered by the same criteria. If those properties are empty in the draft entity, the item will not match the criteria and will not be shown.

The table can also be filtered by Editing Status with the following values:

Grouping

The table in a list report is grouped by the properties defined by the app (by default) or by the user. Draft entities are grouped accordingly. If the property is empty in the draft entity, this creates a group of its own, which appears at the top of the table.

Follow this guideline for empty properties:

[Filter criteria]: Not Defined

Actions and Messaging

The editing status of an entity also has implications for any actions the user executes:

• Locked items can never be edited, updated, or deleted.
• Update actions cannot be applied to a user’s own draft.
• Users can delete their drafts and any objects for which the lock expired.

If your app offers mass actions with multiple selection, you may also need to consider potential conflicts – some actions may not be feasible if only some of the selected items can be processed. The sections below outline the different use cases and corresponding user messages.

Message Handling

We distinguish between edit, update, and delete actions:

• Edit: Open an object in edit mode.
• Update: Trigger changes to the latest active version, such as Post and Approve.
• Delete: Remove from the database.

Decision Dialog

The user has made some changes and attempts to navigate away from the object while in edit mode.

• Type: Warning Message Box
• Title: Warning
• Message text: You’ve made changes to this object. What would you like to do?
• Option 1: Save: Apply changes to the saved version.
• Option 2: Keep Draft: Changes are only visible to you and have no effect on dependent processes and functions.
• Option 3: Discard Draft: All changes will be lost.
• Buttons: OK | Cancel

Message Patterns – Actions for a Single Item

User attempts to DELETE …

… a locked item

Type: Error

Title: Error

Message text:

User name known:

[entity] cannot be deleted. It is currently locked by:
[clickable user name]

User name unknown:

[entity] cannot be deleted. It is currently locked by another user.

Button: Close

… an item with unsaved changes by another user

Type: Warning

Title: Delete

Message text:

User name known:

Another user edited this [entity] without saving the changes:
[clickable user name]

Delete anyway?

User name unknown:

Another user edited this [entity] without saving the changes. Delete anyway?

Buttons: Delete | Cancel

User attempts to EDIT …

… a locked item:

Type: Error

Title: Error

Message text:

User name known:

[entity] cannot be edited. It is currently locked by:
[clickable user name]

User name unknown:

[entity] cannot be edited. It is currently locked by another user.

Button: Close

User attempts to UPDATE …

… a locked item

Type: Error

Title: Error

Message text:

User name known:

[entity] cannot be [action]. It is currently locked by:
[clickable user name]

User name unknown:

[entity] cannot be [action]. It is currently locked by another user.

Button: Close

… an item with unsaved changes by another user

Type: Warning

Title: Warning

Message text:

User name known:

Another user edited this [entity] without saving the changes:
[clickable user name]

If you [action] this [entity], those changes will be lost.

User name unknown:

Another user edited this [entity] without saving the changes. If you [action] this [entity], those changes will be lost.

Buttons: [Action] | Cancel

Message Patterns – Actions for Multiple Items

The following message patterns apply to multi selection cases. In case the user selects one item of one type show the entity name instead, e.g.

Locked items + 1 item with unsaved changes:

Message text:

2 of 3 sales orders are currently locked by other users and cannot be deleted.

Sales order 12345 has unsaved changes. Delete anyway?

 Buttons: Delete | Cancel

Locked items + 2 or more items with unsaved changes:

Message text:

2 of 4 sales orders are currently locked by other users and cannot be deleted.

2 sales orders have unsaved changes.

Do you still want to delete the sales orders with unsaved changes? 

Buttons: Delete | Cancel

User attempts to DELETE …

… locked items and active/draft items

Type: Warning

Title: Delete

Message text:

Short text:

X of Y [entities] are currently locked by other users and cannot be deleted.

Do you still want to delete the remaining n [entities]?

Long text:

Grouped list with entity information, e.g. ID and Description plus  information who locks  each item.

Buttons: Delete | Cancel

… locked items and items with unsaved changes

Type: Warning

Title: Delete

Message text:

Short text:

X of Y [entities] are currently locked by other users and cannot be deleted.

n [entities] have unsaved changes.

Do you still want to delete the [entities] with unsaved changes?

Long text:

Grouped list with entity information, such as ID and description, as well as information on who is locking each item/ has unsaved changes.

Buttons: Delete | Cancel

… locked, unsaved changes and active/ draft items

Type: Warning

Title: Delete

Message text:

Short text:

X of Y [entities] are currently locked by other users and cannot be deleted.

Do you still want to delete the remaining n [entities]?

[checkbox] Also delete [entities] with unsaved changes

Long text:

Grouped list with entity information, such as ID and description, as well as information on who is locking each item/ has unsaved changes.

Buttons: Delete | Cancel

… items with unsaved changes

Type: Warning

Title: Delete

Message text:

Short text:

Other users have edited the selected products without saving the changes.

Delete anyway?

Long text:

Grouped list with entity information, such as ID and description, as well as information on who is locking each item/ has unsaved changes.

Buttons: Delete | Cancel

… items with unsaved changes and active/ draft items

Type: Warning

Title: Delete

Message text:

Short text:

X of Y [entities] are currently locked by other users and cannot be deleted.

n [entities] have unsaved changes.

Do you still want to delete the [entities] with unsaved changes?

Long text:

Grouped list with entity information, such as ID and description, as well as information on who is locking each item/ has unsaved changes.

Buttons: Delete | Cancel

User attempts to UPDATE …

The following section does not show any example pictures. Please refer to the section before for examples.

… active items

Type: Confirmation

Title: [action] 

Message text:

[action] the selected [entities]?

Buttons: [action] | Cancel

… items with unsaved changes by other users and active items

Type: Warning

Title: Warning

Message text:

Short text:

Some of the [entities] you selected have been edited by other users, but not saved. These changes will be lost.

[checkbox] Also [action] [entities] with unsaved changes

Long text:

Grouped list with entity information, such as ID and description, as well as information on who has unsaved changes.

Buttons: [action] | Cancel

… user’s own draft and locked items

Type: Error

Title: Error

Message text:

Short text:

The selected [entities] cannot be [action]. They are currently locked, or exist as draft versions.

Long text:

Grouped list with entity information, such as ID and description, as well as information on who is locking each item and user’s own draft.

Button: Close

… items with unsaved changes and locked items

Type: Warning

Title: Warning

Message text:

Short text:

X of Y [entities] cannot be [action]. They are currently locked, or exist as draft versions.

Do you still want to [action] the remaining n [entities]?

Long text:

Grouped list with entity information, such as ID and description, as well as information on who is locking each item.

Buttons: [action] | Cancel

… items with unsaved changes by other users, user’s own draft and locked items

Type: Warning

Title: Warning

Message text:

Short text:

X of Y [entities] cannot be [action]. They are currently locked, or exist as draft versions.

Do you still want to [action] the remaining n [entities]?

[checkbox] Also [action] [entities] with unsaved changes

Long text:

The following [entities] are currently locked by other users (n):
[entity]
Locked by: [clickable user name]

You have edited the following [entities] without saving the changes (n):[entity]
Save your changes before [action] the [entities].

The following [entities] have been edited by other users, but not saved (n):[entity]
Unsaved changes by: [clickable user name]

Buttons: [action] | Cancel

Resources

Want to dive deeper? Follow the links below to find out more about related controls, the SAPUI5 implementation, and the visual design.