UI Elements Form / Simple Form

Updated: August 18, 2020
SAPUI5 Version 1.54

Form / Simple Form

sap.ui.layout.form.Form | sap.ui.layout.form.SimpleForm

Information
This article contains general design guidelines for all forms. These guidelines also apply for smart forms.

For additional hints on smart forms, you can still refer to the existing Forms / Simple Forms / Smart Forms article for guideline version 1.52. However, please note that this page is no longer updated.

Intro

A form is used to present data to the user and to allow users to enter data in a structured way.

The form acts as a container for other UI elements (such as labels, input fields, checkboxes, and sliders), while structuring these into a specific layout.

In SAPUI5, forms can be built using two different controls:

With a form, you can easily layout a list of properties and input fields. A form is structured into form containers. Each form container consists of form elements. And each form element consists of a label and an input field.

The simple form control gives you the possibility to achieve the same result as with the form control, but in a much easier way. Inside a simple form, a form control is created along with its form containers and form elements:

  • The layout and structure are defined by the content that is entered.
  • Form containers and form elements are created automatically according to the content type.
  • A title (sap.ui.core.Title (API)) automatically starts a new form group (form container), and a label (sap.m.Label (API)) automatically starts a new row (form element).
  • All other controls following this label will be assigned to its row (form element).

Types

There are three types of forms:

  • Display-only: the data is presented only as label-value field pairs without editable fields.
  • Editable: the data is presented as label-input field pairs, so users can enter data.
  • Mixed: some fields are editable and some are not.
Form control in display only
Form control in display only
Mixed form with editable and non-editable fields
Mixed form with editable and non-editable fields
Developer Hint
The property editable of the form and simple form only changes the height of labels for vertical alignment to a field (editable = true) or text (editable = false). With the form and simple form, it does not switch the whole form between editable and read-only mode, thus changing fields into text and vice versa.
Information
Please consider, that a read-only state of an input element behaves differently (no border and background of the field) within the sap.ui.comp.smartform.SmartForm.

Responsiveness

Always assign the responsive grid layout (sap.ui.layout.form.ResponsiveGridLayout) for your form. Although there is a specific set of form layout controls available for forms and simple forms. These should not be used as they are only available to enable downward compatibility.

Note: For downward compatibility reasons, the default form layout control for the form and simple form is not the responsive grid layout. Therefore, you need to assign the responsive grid layout manually to each form or simple form by using the layout property.

By using the responsive grid layout, the form offers a responsive layout based on a 12-column grid. There are two breakpoints, which result in three supported sizes: L, M, and S. These breakpoints are not the L, M, and S breakpoints of the page. In contrast to the page’s breakpoints, which react to the screen width, the breakpoints of the responsive grid layout react to the width of the form.

Breakpoints

Size S reaches up to 600 px. This means that as soon as the width of the form reaches 601 px, it changes from S to M, because the default value of breakpointM is 600. The value of breakpointM is the first value of the smaller size.

Form with breakpointM – Size S
Form with breakpointM – Size S
Form with breakpointM – Size M
Form with breakpointM – Size M

The property breakpointL between sizes L and M works in the same way: Size M reaches from 601 px to 1024 px. This means that as soon as the width of the form reaches 1025 px, it changes from M to L, because the default value of breakpointL is 1024.

Form with breakpointL – Size M
Form with breakpointL – Size M
Form with breakpointL – Size L
Form with breakpointL – Size L

Also the property breakpointXL between sizes L and XL works in the same way as before: Size L reaches from 1025 px to 1440 px. This means that as soon as the width of the form reaches  1441 px, it changes from L to XL, because the default value of breakpointXL is 1440.

Form with breakpointXL – Size L
Form with breakpointXL – Size L
Form with breakpointXL – Size XL
Form with breakpointXL – Size XL

In general if the page width changes to a smaller size, the width of the form in the next smaller breakpoint is usually reached before the width of the page reaches its breakpoints in that size. For example the width of a form reaches breakpoints M to S before the width of the page reaches the breakpoints from M to S. This happens due to the padding of the container in which the form is placed.

Padding of a container
Padding of a container
Developer Hint
To set the form’s breakpoints individually and to synchronize it with the breakpoints of the page, you can use the breakpointS / breakpointM / breakpointL / breakpointXL. If you are using a simple form, set these properties directly in the simple form control.

Label-Field Ratio

For each size, you can define how many grid columns are used for labels (labelSpanXL, labelSpanL, labelSpanM, labelSpanS), fields (implicitly), and empty grid columns (emptySpanXL, emptySpanL, emptySpanM, emptySpanS).

The optional empty grid columns are placed after the input elements. They avoid excessive stretching of the input fields. This ratio is displayed as x:y:z, where x is the number of grids used by the labels, y stands for the fields, and z for empty columns.

We highly recommend to change the default of the label-field-ratio according to your app’s needs. For more information, see the recommended layouts in the Layout section.

Form with a label-field ratio 3:5:4
Form with a label-field ratio 3:5:4
Developer Hint
To make the properties labelSpanXL, labelSpanL, labelSpanM, and labelSpanS in the responsive grid layout work as expected (e.g. labelSpanL sets the label span in size L) in Forms and SimpleForms, you must change the property adjustLabelSpan from its default true to false.

Otherwise..

  • labelSpanL is used for labels in forms with several form groups arranged in more than one column; it applies for both – M and L screen sizes.
  • labelSpanM is used for labels in forms arranged in one column; it also applies for both M and L screen sizes.
  • The default value of the property adjustLabelSpan is set to true for reasons of backward compatibility.

Input controls like input fields can be displayed in both – cozy and compact mode (for more information, see content density (cozy and compact). To horizontally align a label next to a field, the form has different CSS in cozy mode and compact mode.

Size S (Smartphones and Dialogs)

The form and simple form use a single-column layout within the responsive grid layout in size S by default. This means that the form groups are positioned below each other in a single column and the labels are positioned above the fields to avoid truncation of the labels.

The label-field ratio is 12:12:0 by default:

  • 12 grid columns of the responsive grid layout are used by the labels.
    (A label handles the space of a whole row.)
  • 12 grid columns of the responsive grid layout are used by the fields.
    (A field handles the space of a whole row.)
  • 0 grid columns of the responsive grid layout are used by empty columns.
    (There is no empty space on the right of the field.)
Form in size S
Form in size S

Size M

Size M of the form and simple form also has a single-column layout within the responsive grid layout by default. However, in size M the labels are positioned in the same row as the corresponding input field or value, and form groups are positioned below each other.

The label-field ratio is 2:10:0 by default:

  • 2 grid columns of the responsive grid layout are used by the labels.
  • 10 grid columns of the responsive grid layout are used by the fields.
  • 0 columns of the responsive grid layout are used by empty columns.

Please change the default 2:10:0 according to your app’s needs (see the recommended layouts in the Layout section).

Form in size M
Form in size M

Size L

The form and simple form in size L use a two-column layout within the responsive grid layout by default. That means that the form groups are placed next to each other to have all the information on one screen and to avoid scrolling. In these columns, the labels are positioned in the same row as the corresponding input field or value. So the form groups adopt the Z layout (reading direction in rows, not in columns).

The label-field ratio is 4:8:0 by default:

  • 4 grid columns of the responsive grid layout are used by the labels.
  • 8 grid columns of the responsive grid layout are used by fields.
  • 0 grid columns of the responsive grid layout are used by empty columns.
Form in size L
Form in size L

Size XL

Like the form and the simple form in size L, the size XL uses also a two-column layout within the responsive grid layout by default. To have all the information on one screen and avoid scrolling, the form groups are placed next to each other.  In these columns, the labels are positioned in the same row as the corresponding input field or value. The form groups adopt the Z layout.

The label-field ratio for size XL is 4:8:0 (technically the value is set to -1 and inherits the value of size L, see also the development hint below) by default:

  • 4 grid columns of the responsive grid layout are used by labels.
  • 8 grid columns of the responsive grid layout are used by fields.
  • 0 grid columns of the responsive grid layout are used by empty columns.
Form in size XL
Form in size XL
Developer Hint
For forms and simple forms, the value of the properties labelSpanXL, emptySpanXL and columnsXL are set to -1 and inherit the value of size L (to enable backward compatibility).

Layout

One Page, One Form

If a form contains only one group, do not use a group title – instead, use the form title.

Form with only one group (form title)
Form with only one group (form title)

If the form is the only element on the page and if it has more than one group, you can use the group titles to capture the groups. 

One form with several groups (no form title)
One form with several groups (no form title)

If the form is one of several elements on the page, such as tables and lists, use the form title as its caption.

A form as one of several elements on a page (form title)
A form as one of several elements on a page (form title)

One Page, Many Forms

If you want to emphasize that some groups are very distinct, use several forms on a page instead of one form with several groups. Visually this looks more separated than using a single form with several groups. Give each form a meaningful title. If necessary, you can structure each form with groups as well. In this case, also give the groups a title.

Several forms on a page (emphasized groups)
Several forms on a page (emphasized groups)
Forms with several groups
Forms with several groups

Various Layouts

The following sections give guidance on how to configure the form so that it meets the needs of different sizes. Depending on where you place the form, we highly recommend changing the default and using one of the following layouts according to your app’s needs.

Size S (Smartphones and Dialogs)

Retain the default behavior (single column layout with a label-field ratio 12:12:0).

Form in size S (12:12:0)
Form in size S (12:12:0)

Size M (Tablet) – Full Screen

If you place the form in the details part of a split screen, use a single-column layout with the label-field ratio 4:7:1 (4 grid columns used by the labels, 7 grid columns used by the fields, and 1 grid column used by empty columns).

Form in a split screen – size M (4:7:1)
Form in a split screen – size M (4:7:1)

If you place the form in a full-screen app, use a single-column layout with the label-field ratio 3:5:4 (3 grid columns used by the labels, 5 grid columns used by the fields, and 4 grid columns used by empty columns).

Form in full screen – size M (3:5:4)
Form in full screen – size M (3:5:4)

As explained already in the section Responsiveness (Breakpoints), Size M goes down to 601 px. In this size, the 3:5:4 approach may not be wide enough for longer labels and fields. So if you expect long labels or input values, use the label-field ratio 4:8:0 (4 grid columns used by the labels, 8 grid columns used by the fields, and 0 grid columns used by empty columns).

Form with long labels and fields – size M (4:8:0)
Form with long labels and fields – size M (4:8:0)

If you place the form in a full-screen app and it contains several form groups, use a two-column layout with its label-field ratio of 12:12:0 (12 grid columns used by the labels, 12 grid columns used by the fields, and 0 grid columns used by empty columns).

Form with several form groups (two columns) – size M (12:12:0)
Form with several form groups (two columns) – size M (12:12:0)
Developer Hint
Unlike all other XL-L-M-S properties, labelSpanL and labelSpanM up to SAPUI5 version 1.34 did not follow the XL-L-M-S size paradigm. LabelSpanL set the label span in layouts that contain more than one column, and labelSpanM set the label span in layouts that contain only one column. This has been changed since version 1.34. Due to downward compatibility, the new parameter adjustLabelSpan was necessary. Also due to downward compatibility, its default value is ‘true’, which causes the old behavior of the labelSpan properties. To achieve the new, correct behavior of the labelSpan properties, you must set the property adjustLabelSpan to ‘false’.

Size L (Desktop Screens)

If the form contains a single form group, use a single-column layout with a label-field ratio of 3:5:4 (3 grid columns used by the labels, 5 grid columns used by the fields, and 4 grid columns used by empty columns).

Form with a single form group (one column) – size L (3:5:4)
Form with a single form group (one column) – size L (3:5:4)

If the form contains multiple form groups, you can also use a two-column layout with a label-field ratio of 12:12:0 (12 grid columns used by the labels, 12 grid columns used by the fields, and 0 grid columns used by empty columns). As explained already in the section Responsiveness (Breakpoints), Size L goes down to 1025 px. In this size, long labels that are put next to the fields might not fit on smaller L-sized screens (especially in split apps). Therefore labels are put above fields.

Form with several form groups (two columns) – size L (12:12:0)
Form with several form groups (two columns) – size L (12:12:0)
Developer Hint
Unlike all other XL-L-M-S properties, labelSpanL and labelSpanM up to SAPUI5 version 1.34 did not follow the XL-L-M-S size paradigm. LabelSpanL set the label span in layouts that contain more than one column, and labelSpanM set the label span in layouts that contain only one column. This has been changed since version 1.34. Due to downward compatibility, the new parameter adjustLabelSpan was necessary. Also due to downward compatibility, its default value is ‘true’, which causes the old behavior of the labelSpan properties. To achieve the new, correct behavior of the labelSpan properties, you must set adjustLabelSpan to ‘false’.

Size XL (Desktop Wide Screens)

If the form contains a single form group, use a single-column layout with a label-field ratio of 3:5:4 (3 grid columns used by the labels, 5 grid columns used by the fields, and 4 grid columns used by empty columns).

Form with a single form group (one column) – size XL (3:5:4)
Form with a single form group (one column) – size XL (3:5:4)

The responsive grid layout has the new property singleContainerFullSize. This property enables you to insert empty columns in your form: You can for example then set the property columnsXL to 2, fill one column with the single form group in a label-field ratio of 4:8:0 (4 grid columns used by the labels, 8 grid columns used by the fields, and 0 grid columns used by empty columns), and leave the second column empty. For more information, see also the development hint below.

Form with an empty column – size XL (4:8:0)
Form with an empty column – size XL (4:8:0)

If the form is put into a full-screen app, with the property singleContainerFullSize you can also set columnsXL to 3, fill one column with the single form group in a label-field ratio of 12:12:0 (12 grid columns used by the labels, 12 grid columns used by the fields, and 0 grid columns used by empty columns), and leave the second and third columns empty.

Form with empty columns – size XL (12:12:0)
Form with empty columns – size XL (12:12:0)

If the form contains multiple form groups, you can also use a two-column layout with a label-field ratio of 4:8:0  (4 grid columns used by the labels, 8 grid columns used by the fields, and 0 grid columns used by empty columns).

Form with multiple form groups (two columns) – size XL (4:8:0)
Form with multiple form groups (two columns) – size XL (4:8:0)

If the form is put into a full-screen app and it contains multiple form groups, you can also use a three-column layout with a label-field ratio of 12:12:0  (12 grid columns used by the labels, 12 grid columns used by the fields, and 0 grid columns used by empty columns).

Form with two form groups (three columns) – size XL (12:12:0)
Form with two form groups (three columns) – size XL (12:12:0)
Form with three form groups (three columns) – size XL (12:12:0)
Form with three form groups (three columns) – size XL (12:12:0)

If you use a three-column layout for XL screens, do not use a two-column layout for L and M screens as it could create a lot of white space. In this case, use a single-column layout instead.

Form with a lot of white space (two columns)
Form with a lot of white space (two columns)
Form with less white space (single-column layout)
Form with less white space (single-column layout)

Use of Columns

Recommended:

  • XL2-L2-M2-S1
  • XL2-L2-M1-S1
  • XL2-L1-M1-S1

Also possible:

  • XL3-L1-M1-S1
  • XL1-L1-M1-S1

Not recommended:

  • XL3-L2-M2-S1
  • XL3-L2-M2-S1
Developer Hint
Up to SAPUI5 version 1.34, a group in a form with only this single group covered the entire width, irrespective of the value of the properties columnsM/L. Therefore, it was not possible to create an empty column next to the single group. This had to be changed. However, the default value of columnsL has always been 2. So if single groups no longer cover the entire form, all forms with a single group are automatically changed to two column forms in size L if the default value of the property columnsL has not been changed manually to 1. Therefore, a new property had to be introduced: singleContainerFullSize.If you are using a simple form, set this property directly in the simple form control. Its default value is ‘true’, which reflects the old behavior. A single group covers the entire width of the form, irrespective of  the values of the properties columnsM/L/XL. If it is set to ‘false’, the form with a single group has as many columns as the properties columnsM/L/XL are set to. The new behavior with the empty columns now can be achieved.

Components

These are some examples of the types of UI elements that can be placed in the form container:

  • Label and text elements, including dedicated text display containers such as object number, object status, sap.ui.unified.Currency, and so on
  • Text input controls like input field and text area
  • Selection controls such as select, combo box, date picker, radio button, and checkbox
  • Icon
  • Rating indicator
  • Progress indicator
  • Switch
  • Slider
  • Link

Guidelines

  • Order the form logically from a user’s perspective. For example, ask for a user´s name before asking them for their address.
  • Group related information by using form and group titles.
  • Try to arrange form groups (especially in size L and XL) in a way that the form:
    • Is easy to read and understand.
    • Does not contain too much white space (split groups if necessary).
  • A label is not a help text. Give each field a meaningful label. Labels should be succinct, short and descriptive.
  • If you have combined fields that contain, for example, a postal code and the name of a city, you can provide one combined label (postal code and city) for this group.
  • The label of a required field is marked with an asterisk (*). There is a corresponding property in the API for this. Do not write the asterisk manually in the label text. Just use the corresponding property and the asterisk will be inserted automatically.
  • At the end of the label, the form container automatically inserts a colon (:), which is triggered by the stylesheet. Do not write the colon manually in the label text.
  • Use default settings for labels. (For example, labels are not supported for manual bold formatting.)
  • Less is more: try to minimize the number of labels and their corresponding fields as much as possible.
  • If an input element is in an error or warning state, provide a meaningful message for the user. There is a corresponding property valueStateText in the sap.m.Input API.

Label

To make it easier for users to differentiate between labels and values, labels in display-only mode are displayed in a different style to labels in edit mode.

To avoid truncation, labels within forms wrap automatically.

Always aim to keep your labels as concise as possible. Remember that a label is not a help text. It must be meaningful, succinct, short, and descriptive. The purpose of the wrapping feature is make the full label text legible and to help avoid unnecessary use of abbreviations. It is not intended as a fallback for very long labels.

Data Loss Message

Provide a data loss message if the user accidentally navigates away from the page, such as when selecting an item in the master list and then using the Back or Home button. For details about how the message is delivered and what text you can use, see message handling.

Form Field Validation

Provide form field validation which describes the validation points and the choreography associated with messaging. For more information, see form field validation.

Field validation and validation report
Field validation and validation report

Error Prevention

Help the user to avoid errors by using input types (sap.m.InputTypes) and mask input (sap.m.MaskInput). The input fields automatically get a specific format, which helps prevent the user from making invalid entries.

Always start with the least complex control (for example, use select instead of value help if the user needs to select only one item from a short list). Use more intricate controls only if the use case really requires it.

Placeholder

Provide a placeholder (or input prompt) as a short hint (a word or short phrase) to help the user with data entry. A hint can be a sample value or a brief description of the expected format.

Avoid using the placeholder attribute as an alternative to a label. This is important because the placeholder text is overwritten as soon as the form is filled out. Labels are necessary to indicate the meaning of the form fields when the placeholders are no longer visible.

Never repeat the label in the placeholder text. Only offer a placeholder if it provides the user with additional information.

Resources

Want to dive deeper? Follow the links below to find out more about related controls, the SAPUI5 implementation, and the visual design.

Elements and Controls

Implementation