The quick view is similar to a popover, but has a predefined structure, a fixed set of UI elements, and automatic UI rendering.

Usage

Use the quick view if:

• You want to display a concise overview of an object.
• You want to display information about, for example, an employee or a company.
• You can split your information into groups (for example, contact details and company information).

Do not use the quick view if:

• You want to provide information in a way other than displaying it in groups.
• You want to display complex information about an object.

Responsiveness

The quick view is based on the popover. It therefore inherits the same basic properties from it and provides the same responsiveness. For more information, see popover.

Layout

Generic Quick View

The figure on the right shows how the content is structured within the quick view. At the top of the content area, you can display an avatar next to the title and subtitle. Additionally, groups and fields are used to structure the information. When a field is empty, the “–” character shows.

You can use the fallbackIcon property to define a backup icon. This icon is displayed if the initial avatar can’t be loaded.

Quick View Examples

You can create your own quick view element or, as with the two examples below show, there are also basic structures for displaying employee and company information in a quick view.

Behavior and Interaction

The quick view is based on the popover. It therefore inherits the same basic properties from it and provides the same interaction. For more information, see popover.

Resources

Want to dive deeper? Follow the links below to find out more about related controls, the SAPUI5 implementation, and the visual design.

Intro

Table personalization can be used to modify the display and settings of a table.

It is a UI pattern that is used to change one or more of the following attributes:

• Visibility of columns
• Order of columns
• Sorting
• Grouping
• Filtering

Table personalization can be applied to simple tables (up to about 20 columns) and complex tables (more than about 20 columns) using different controls.

Usage

Use the view settings dialog if:

• The user is able to personalize fewer than about 20 columns.
• A combination of sorting, filtering, and grouping is needed.

Use the table personalization dialog if:

• The user is able to personalize fewer than about 20 columns.
• Columns need to be shown/hidden and reordered.

Use the view settings dialog AND the table personalization dialog if:

• The user wants to personalize fewer than about 20 columns.
• A combination of show/hide and one other function is needed.

Use the P13n dialog if:

• You are using an analytical table (ALV).
• The user is able to personalize more than about 20 columns.
• Complex queries have to be built for the respective table.

Do not use table personalization at all if:

• The table has very few columns and rows.
• A very complex filter is needed. In this case, consider using a filter bar instead of the filter tab.

Types

Simple Table Personalization

Table Personalization Dialog

View Settings Dialog

The sort, filter, and group features can all be applied to a table simultaneously.

Sort

The first tab in the view settings dialog is the sort feature, which allows the table content to be sorted according to the chosen attribute.

The dialog offers two sort features:

• The first group sorts the table by a general ascending or descending order.
• The second group lets the user choose an attribute that fits either a column or part of a column since there are also columns that contain more than one data point.

Filter

The second tab in the view settings dialog is the filter feature, which can offer a single filter selection list or a category list. The category list provides an overview and guides the user to detailed filter selection lists via drilldown. The options available are single selection, multiselection, a category list, a predefined list, and a custom filter.

Group

The third tab in the view settings dialog is the group feature, which also offers two groups of attributes:

• The first group offers a general ascending or descending order that controls the order in which the defined groups appear.
• The second group offers attributes with which to group the corresponding data in the table.

Complex Table Personalization

P13n Dialog

Sort

It also allows the user to sort the table content according to the columns that are chosen and in a specific order.

For more complex sorting needs, a new line is automatically added as soon as a column is selected.

Filter

A filter option allows the user to filter the table information according to specific filter criteria, which can be included or excluded in the relevant section of the filter.

Each filter criterion consists of a column, an operator (depending on the data type of the column), and a value by which the selected column is filtered.

For more complex cases, the user can add filters by clicking the Add button (Add Filter), and remove them by clicking the  button (Remove Filter) at the end of each filter item.

Group

The Group tab enables the user to group the table data by one or more columns.

For more complex grouping scenarios, a new line is automatically added as soon as a column is selected (only available for the analytical table).

Resources

The time picker allows the user to select a localized time. It can be used with touch, mouse, or keyboard input.

When to Use

Use the time picker if:

• Users need to select a time.
• Users need to select a time range. In this case, one time picker can be used to set the starting time and a second one to set the end time.
• Users need to select a specific duration, such as 1 minute and 30 seconds.

Do not use the time picker if:

• Users need to select a standard duration such as 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, or 2 hours. In this case, use the select control instead.

Components

Responsiveness

Guidelines

Time Formats

Seconds

Only let the user select time in seconds if this information is really necessary.

Time Zone

If the user has to set a time that is time zone-sensitive, offer a select control next to the time picker control to choose the appropriate time zone.

For more information, see Formatting Time.

Related Links

The toggle switch mimics a physical switch. It allows users to set individual features (such as personalization or display settings) to either active or inactive.

Usage

Use the switch if:

• You want to enable users to set something as active or inactive (for example, within a dialog).
• You need to clearly show the mode or state of a setting.
• The change takes immediate effect.

Do not use the switch if:

• The user has to choose several options or perform extra steps for changes to become effective.
• It’s not clear if the control is showing a state or an action. In this case, use a checkbox instead.

Types

There are three switch types: basic, semantic, and with optional text.

Basic Switch (Default)

Semantic Switch

Switch with Optional Text

On/Off Switch

Behavior and Interaction

The control supports mouse, touch, keyboard and screen reader interaction.

The user can switch between two states: active or inactive. The state is changed by moving the toggle from one side to another or by clicking the empty side. The toggle then moves over.

Styles

Resources

The view settings dialog helps users to sort, filter, or group data within a list or a table. The dialog is triggered by icon buttons in the table toolbar.

Usage

We recommend making each feature (sort, filter, group) available as a separate button in the table toolbar (see Button Placement below). Each button then triggers a separate dialog. If specifically required, you can combine the dialogs into one with a segmented button acting as tabs to switch between the sort, filter and group options. Note: In a combined dialog, the Reset button resets all tabs.

Use the view settings dialog if:

• Users need to sort line items in a manageable list or table (up to about 20 columns).
• You need to offer custom filter settings in a manageable list or table (up to about 20 columns).
• Users need to group line items in a manageable list or table (up to about 20 columns).

Do not use the view settings dialog if:

• You have complex tables (more than about 20 columns).
• Users need to rearrange columns within the table. Use the table personalization dialog instead.
• Users need very specific sort, filter, or column sorting options within complex tables. Use the P13n dialog instead.

Button Placement

Use distinct icon buttons for the sort, filter, and group settings. Place the icons in the following order:   (Sort),  (Filter),   (Group).

Do not place Sort, Filter, or Group buttons in the footer toolbar if they refer to a table.

For more information about the button placement, see Sort, Filter, Group (Generic) in the table toolbar article.

Sort, Group, and Filter a List

You can also offer the view setting features for a list.

Responsiveness

Behavior and Interaction

The sort, filter, and group features can all be applied to a table simultaneously.

Sort

The sort dialog shows two groups of sort settings. The first group offers general Ascending and Descending sort options. The second group offers attributes that fit the use case, such as Product, Supplier, Weight, or Price. The attributes can match the table columns, but because a table column can also contain several data points, such as “Name” and “Surname”, the attributes allow an attribute to be shown for each data point.

Users can select attributes using the radio buttons. Clicking OK closes the dialog and shows the table items in the selected order.

If a combined dialog is used, the first tab is the sort feature.

Filter

The filter dialog can offer a single filter selection list, a multi-filter selection list, or a category list. The category list provides an overview, and allows the user to drill down to detailed filter selection lists.

In a combined view settings dialog, filtering is on the second tab.

Filter Selection List – Single Selection

The dialog offers one selection list with radio buttons to select a filter. This list is useful for offering a list of preconfigured filters for a specific use, such as “Products with numbers ‘starting between 100 and 200’ with status ‘in stock’ and color ‘green’”.

Filter Selection List – Multi-Selection

You can also offer a multi-selection list. For example, a user might want to show all open items for both “Company A” and “Company D”.

Show Selected Only

If the user clicks the    button (Show Selected Only), only the selected filters are shown (for example, “Company A” and “Company D”). Clicking the button again shows all of the available filter values.

Category List

The filter dialog shows a single list of general filter categories depending on the use case, like Price or Height. The user chooses a category by clicking the list item, such as Price. As this is a simple drilldown, these categories do not have radio buttons. The follow-on dialog shows a list of optional filter settings in the Price category. These filters, such as Less than 100, depend on the use case. The user chooses a specific filter setting by selecting one of the radio buttons offered in this list. Clicking OK closes the dialog and shows the table items filtered by the selected attribute. The infobar shows which filter has been set.

Example: Filter Dialog with Category List

Free-Form Apps

You can also customize your own filter UIs, for example, to support date picking.

Filter Values

Filters can correspond to single values as well as groups, such as “<100.00 EUR”.

Filter Reset

The Reset button on the filter tab resets all filter settings.

Removing Filters

In single selection lists, offer a Not Filtered option. This enables users to remove existing filters.

Group

The group dialog shows two groups of attributes. The first group offers a general Ascending or Descending order, which allows the user to select the order in which the defined groups appear. The second group offers attributes that fit the use case, such as Type or Supplier.

You can also offer an attribute like Price to group data in a table.

Users can choose attributes using radio buttons or checkboxes. Clicking OK closes the dialog and shows the table with items grouped below headers.

In a combined view settings dialog, the group feature is the third tab.

Naming Group Headers

Guidelines

On the table toolbar, use different buttons for each function (sort, filter, group). With each button, open the View Settings dialog with just the corresponding tab.

If possible, give users the option not to filter or group. For sorting, this is only necessary if the use case calls for an unsorted list. In all three cases, show this option as the first entry in the list of criteria (remember to include the brackets):

• (Not Sorted)
• (Not Filtered)
• (Not Grouped)

Resources

The infobar is a type of toolbar that appears above a list or panel, and shows filter or selection settings:

• Filter criteria: The infobar indicates the filter criteria that have been applied for a filter, for example on a table or list. Do not show the infobar if no filter is applied.
• Selected items: In a multi-select dialog, the infobar shows the number of selected items.

Responsiveness

Types

The infobar is shown in the following situations:

• After a general filter has been applied
• After the user has selected multiple items in a select dialog

Components

The infobar is a toolbar that consists of a label on the left side and an icon on the right side.

The label shows the filter criteria, and the icon selected depends on the use case.

Behavior and Interaction

The bar can have two active areas: either the entire bar can be active, or if an icon is added, it creates a second active area. We recommend that you use the active behavior for the bar and the icon.

Bar Area

When the user clicks the bar, the filter dialog from the view settings dialog is shown. If only one filter is applied, the filter can be changed directly in the detailed filter selection. If more than one filter is applied, the filter dialog shows a list with general filter categories.

Icon Area

Cancel: The user clicks the icon to delete the current filter settings. We recommend using the cancel icon.

States

The infobar has two states – active and non-active (non-clickable). If set to non-active, the whole bar turns gray and the user cannot interact with it.

Properties

The infobar is not a separate control. If you want to build an infobar, you need to use the sap.m.Toolbar control.

To achieve the infobar design, set the design property of the toolbar to “info”.

Resources

An analytical table contains a set of data that is structured in rows and columns. It provides several powerful possibilities for working with the data, including advanced grouping and aggregations.

In contrast to other tables, the analytical data binding used by the analytical table allows an aggregated number to be shown automatically in a cell. This means that a number in such a summarized cell is a total sum of several lines in the database.

Usage

Responsiveness

The analytical table is available for desktops and tablets, but not in smartphone sizes. It supports touch interaction devices, but is not optimized for small screens. If you use an analytical table, you need to take an adaptive approach by offering an additional UI for smartphones.

You could create a fallback by using a responsive table. However, a completely different solution, such as showing charts in a read-only case, might be more suitable.

Components

An analytical table does not consist of other elements. However, it is common to use a toolbar above the analytical table.

The toolbar can contain entry points for the view settings dialog and the table personalization dialog or for the p13n dialog, as well as for view switches in the form of a segmented button, and buttons for Add, Edit, and other actions.

Behavior and Interaction

An analytical table is quite restricted in terms of its content, although it provides powerful features for working with the content.

Table Level

Single selection: One item in the analytical table can be selected. A row selector column is shown. (property: selectionMode = Single)

• Multiple selection: One or more items can be selected. The analytical table provides a column with checkboxes on the left-hand side. Clicking a checkbox toggles the state of the corresponding row from deselected to selected and back. The Shift key can be used to select a range. For multiple selection, you can choose between two variants.
  • Multi-toggle mode (property: selectionMode = MultiToggle)
  • Multi-selection plug-in (sap.ui.table.plugins.MultiSelectionPlugin)

  These variants behave differently when the user selects more items than are currently loaded in the front end.

  Multi-toggle

  In multi-toggle mode, you can offer a Select All checkbox to the left of the column header (property: enableSelectAll). Selecting this checkbox selects or deselects all items that are currently loaded in the front end (keyboard: Ctrl+A). All other items are not selected/deselected. If the application data is stored in the back end, scrolling down further can reveal additional unselected items. The same can happen with range selections if not all items in the selected range have been loaded to the front end.

  Multi-selection plug-in

  If you use this plug-in instead of the multi-toggle selection mode, the behavior for range selection and Select All changes:

  • By default, a dedicated Deselect All button replaces the Select All checkbox. There is no default UI element for selecting all items.
  • You can set a limit for the number of items that can be selected (sap.ui.table.plugins.MultiSelectionPlugin, property: limit). This limit has the following effect:
    • The range that can be selected using the Shift key is limited to the specified number of items (default = 200). The table automatically scrolls back to the last selected item and a message can appear (sap.ui.table.plugins.MultiSelectionPlugin, property: enableNotification). Users can select more items by selecting additional ranges (the specified limit applies each time).
    • If the selection limit is set to 0, a Select All checkbox is shown. There is also no limit on the number of items that can be selected in a range. All selected items are loaded, which can lead to performance issues for large data sets. (Keyboard: Ctrl+A)
  • If selected items are not already available in the front end, they are loaded automatically by the plug-in and set as selected.

Selection Behavior

An item can be selected in different ways, depending on the configuration of the analytical table (sap.ui.table.Table, property: selectionBehavior):

• Row: An item is selected by clicking the checkbox or the row. Use this option for multi-selection tables if clicking a row or a cell is not used for anything else.
• RowSelector: An item is selected only by clicking the checkbox in the selector cell. Use this option if clicking the row (or a cell inside the row) is used for something else, such as navigation.
• RowOnly: An item is selected only by clicking the row, and not using checkboxes in the selector cells. Use this for single-selection tables if clicking a row or a cell is not used for another purpose, such as navigation.

Compact, Cozy, and Condensed

Like all SAP Fiori controls, the analytical table is shown in compact mode on a desktop and in cozy mode on tablets.

For desktop devices, you can fit even more rows onto the screen by using the condensed mode together with the compact mode. This renders less white space for each item.

Note that the condensed content density must always be set in addition to the compact mode. Do not use the condensed mode on its own. Do not mix condensed with cozy. Doing so could lead to unpredictable or unwanted results, such as cozy-sized controls in condensed-sized containers, missing padding, and so on.

Note that neither compact mode nor condensed mode support touch interaction. Even on a desktop with a touch screen, users will have difficulty selecting rows or using controls inside the cells with their fingers.

For more information on cozy and compact modes, see content density.

Column Header

The column header provides the label for the corresponding column and access to the column header menu.

Columns are resized as follows:

• Mouse interaction: The user drags the separator line between two columns (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: Resizable). Double-clicking the line optimizes the column according to the length of the data currently visible and the label of the column header (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: Autoresizable).
• Touch interaction: The user clicks the column header to reveal two buttons: one to show the column header menu and one for resizing. The user drags the latter to resize the column.
• Keyboard interaction: Users can increase the width of the focused column header with Shift+Right and decrease it with Shift+Left.

When the user resizes a column, the adaptation of the column width depends on how the column widths are set:

• If column widths are set in pixel-based units (px, em, rem), the resized column is adapted and subsequent columns are moved accordingly. The width of all other columns is not affected.
  If all the columns together do not use up the full width of the table control, empty space is added. If all the columns together exceed the width of the table control, a scrollbar appears.
• If all column widths are set as percentages or “auto”, resizing one column automatically resizes one or more other columns. Resizing can also affect the position of the resized column. This option utilizes the full width of the table and ensures that no white space is added. A scrollbar appears only if all or most of the columns become to narrow. To avoid the side effect of undersized columns, you can set a minimum width per column. However, this minimum width is only taken into account if columns are resized automatically. End users can still reduce the column width to below the defined minimum (sap.ui.table.Column, properties: width, minWidth).

Users can rearrange columns by dragging the column header to another position (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: enableColumnReordering). Keyboard interaction: Ctrl+Left and Ctrl+Right move the focused column header one position in the corresponding direction.

Column Header Menu

For each column, a menu can contain the following menu items (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumnMenu, property: Visible):

• Sort Ascending/Descending (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: showSortMenuEntries)
• Free text filter (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: showFilterMenuEntries)
• Group
• Totals
• Freeze from the first to the last specified column (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: enableColumnFreeze)

For each column, the menu can be replaced by an app-specific menu.

Sort

The column header menu can provide two sort options (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, properties: sortProperty, showSortMenuEntry):

• Sort Ascending
• Sort Descending

The user selects one of these options to sort the corresponding column accordingly (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, properties: sorted, sortOrder, sortProperty).

Filter

The column header menu can provide a search field for entering free text (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, properties: filterProperty, showFilterMenuEntries).

If the user enters a term in the input field and triggers the search by pressing ENTER when the focus is on the filter input field, the analytical table is filtered by the corresponding column and value (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, properties: filtered, filterProperty, filterValue, filterOperator, sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: filterType).

Note that the filter may return zero results, in which case, the table might be empty.

General recommendations for filtering:

• If filtering is a main use case, choose the filter bar or any other filtering UI over the built-in free text filter.
• Only use the free text filter if filtering is a secondary use case and if the filter bar is too heavy.

Group

The column header menu can provide the option to group by this column (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: sortProperty).

One group collects all items with the same value within the corresponding column.

If line items are grouped in a column, every group is provided with a collapsible or expandable group header (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: grouped). The header text consists of the column name and the value for the corresponding group (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: groupHeaderFormatter). Several grouping levels are possible.

The corresponding column can be hidden to avoid duplicates (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: showIfGrouped). Exercise caution when using this option since hiding the column changes the table layout and may lead to confusion.

Aggregation

The column header menu can provide the option to show or hide aggregation totals for this column.

Intermediate aggregations are shown at group level for the corresponding columns if the group contains more than one line item (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: summed).

The overall aggregation is shown in a row at the bottom of the analytical table when the column contains values for a single unit of measure.

When the column contains values for more than one unit of measure, a Show Details link is displayed in a row at the bottom of the table, for example, when the column contains multiple currencies.

The Show Details link opens a popover that lists the totals for each unit of measure.

Freeze Columns

The column header menu can provide the option to freeze columns (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: enableColumnFreeze). Selecting Freeze freezes all columns up to the one in which the operation was triggered (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: fixedColumnCount).

When Freeze is triggered, the menu item changes to Unfreeze for the corresponding column.

Line Item Level

A line item contains a set of cells and provides options for selecting the item.

To prevent adverse side effects when scrolling vertically, all line items must have the same height.

(sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: rowHeight)

Drag and Drop

One or several items can be moved to other UI elements using drag and drop operations (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, aggregation: dragDropConfig). While being dragged, the items are shown as ghost elements on the mouse cursor.

Drop targets can be on items, between items, or both (sap.ui.core.dnd.DropPosition). On a drop target, the mouse cursor changes to either a “copy”, “link”, “move”, or “none” cursor. “None” indicates that the dragged item cannot be dropped in the current position (sap.ui.core.dnd.DropEffect).

Drag and drop is only available on supporting browsers.

Cell Level

A cell provides one data point.

It can contain one of the following controls to display this data point:

• Text
• Label
• Object status
• Icon
• Button
• Input
• Date picker
• Select
• Combo box
• The following micro charts in size XS: Bullet, comparison, stacked bar
• Multi-combo box
• Multi-input field
• Checkbox
• Link
• Currency
• Rating indicator
• Progress indicator

While it is technically possible to also use other controls, doing so could lead to issues with alignment, condensed mode, screen reader support, and keyboard support.

If you use text, use only single-line text to keep the same row height. Truncate if necessary as this prevents adverse side effects when scrolling vertically (sap.m.Text, property: wrapping, value: false). Do not wrap.

Context Menu

You can attach a context menu (sap.m.Menu) to a table. The context menu gives users an alternative way to modify the focused elements by giving them access to context-specific functions.

When opened, the context menu gets the row and column context, except for special columns (such as the selection column) or special rows (like group headers). Context menus can be implemented for a specific table, row, or cell (not recommended for editable cells).

By default, the analytical table provides a context menu on the group headers (for example, Expand, Collapse, …). Otherwise, no default context menus are provided.

Context menus are opened by right-clicking (desktop), long press (mobile), the context menu key, or Shift+F10.

Be aware that using the context menu overrides the browser context menu, which can no longer be opened.

If a control inside a table is the “click target”, and the control also provides a context menu, the control context menu “wins”.

Guidelines

Data Density vs. Complexity

The analytical table can be used to display and work with large amounts of data. Unfortunately, the analytical table has a high data density and therefore conveys an immediate feeling of complexity.

Only show tables with a lot of data as a last resort. To make the data easier to read, you should instead try the following:

• Break down the data into manageable chunks and allow the user to navigate or drill down between them.
• Use charts with drilldown functionality until the amount of data is more manageable.

Try to avoid horizontal scrolling in the default delivery.

Try to minimize the number of columns, especially if there is a large number of rows.

Table Title

Implement the table title by using a title control in a toolbar.

Use a table title only if the title of the table is not indicated in the surrounding area.

Do not use a table title if it simply repeats text that is already above the table. For example:

• A pricing conditions table is the only control on a tab labeled Pricing Conditions.
• A section or subsection on an object page contains only one table.

Use a table title if you need the item count, table toolbar, or variant management. To avoid repeating text, feel free to use generic text as a table title, such as Items.
Exception: If the surrounding area contains the table title, and both the item count and toolbar can be added to the surrounding area, no additional table title is needed.
Example: An object page (sub-)section contains only one table. In this case, add the item count and the table toolbar to the (sub-)section header.

Selection

Single Selection

For single-selection list-detail scenarios within the flexible column layout, do not show an additional “navigated” indicator.

Multiple Selection

• We strongly recommend using the multi-selection plug-in. This ensures that all items selected using Select All or as part of a range are included – even if some items were not initially loaded in the front end. This is not the case if you use the multi-toggle option.
• Do not limit the range selection for the multi-selection plug-in unless you have to.
  • If the dataset is small and/or completely available in the front-end, set the limit property to 0 to enable the Select All option and allow users to select any range.
  • If you have a large dataset, set a limit on the number of selected items to avoid performance issues. Also bear in mind that some actions won’t be helpful if the dataset is too big (for example, a delete operation on 2 million database entries).
• When setting a limit, also display the corresponding message when the user selects more items at once than the limit allows (sap.ui.table.plugins.MultiSelectionPlugin, property: enableNotification).

• In multiple selection mode (multi toggle), do not show checkboxes in the first data column in the default delivery to avoid confusion.

• Never disable the selection checkbox. If an action can’t be performed on a specific item, inform the user after the corresponding action has been triggered. For more information, see Enabling/Disabling Actions.

Loading Data

To indicate that the table is currently loading items, use the busy state (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: busy). Do not show any items or text. As soon as the data is loaded, remove the busy state and show all items.

Errors and Warnings

To indicate that the table contains items with errors or warnings, show a message strip above the table. On the message strip, provide information about errors or warnings. When issues are solved or when new issues appear, update the message strip accordingly.

To indicate an error in a single row, see Item States below.

For details on displaying errors, warnings, and other messages, see Message Handling.

Columns – Best Practices

Minimize the number of columns. Avoid the need to scroll horizontally in the default delivery.

Optimize the column width for its initial visible content, including the column header texts. If this is not possible (for example, if showing the full texts would result in extremely wide columns), let the texts truncate. End users can change the width of the column to read the full text, as needed.

Maintain a constant column width and avoid adjusting it automatically when the content changes.

Always keep to one line of text. Do not wrap.

Column Headers – Best Practices

For each column, provide a label in the column header. In the default delivery, do not truncate the column header texts. Only let the text truncate if showing the full text would make the column too wide. Never wrap the text.

Content Alignment

For alignment of cell content, follow the guidelines below.

Right-align: numbers, except IDs, to ensure comparability of numbers and amounts.

Right-align amounts with currencies to the cell and align their respective decimal points.

This ensures that amounts with different currencies are shown correctly, regardless of whether the currencies have 0, 2, or 3 decimals.

For aligning to the decimal point, use the sap.ui.uinified.Currency control.

Right-align dates and times.

This ensures comparability for most formats and locales.

Left-align status information.

Center-align icons.

Left-align micro charts.

Content Formatting

For strings with IDs, use one of the following:

• Show the ID in a separate column. Use this format if users need to sort, group, or filter by both the string and the ID.
• Show the ID in parentheses after the corresponding string. In this case, you must opt for one criterion for sorting, filtering, and grouping – either the string or the ID. This option is then used for all sort, filter and group actions and can’t be changed later by the user. Use this format only if users don’t need to sort, filter, and group by both the string and the ID.

Truncation

Avoid truncation of typical content in the default delivery (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: width). However, since the columns are resizable, do not worry too much if truncation occurs as columns can still be enlarged if necessary.

To prevent adverse side effects when scrolling vertically, all line items must also have the same height. If you need to decide between truncation and different row heights, choose truncation. Do not wrap.

Number of Links

Are there too many links? Use subtle links to avoid a wall of links. Standard links are also emphasized more if they are surrounded by subtle links.

For example, a financial table consists of several columns with summarized cells. A summarized cell shows the total sum of several database entries. Each sum should be a link to a report that shows details about which database entries produce the total sum. The line item identifier should also be a link that provides more detail about the line item itself. Use a standard or emphasized link for the item identifier, and subtle links for the summarized cells.

Missing Value

If there is no value for a cell, leave it blank. Do not display text as N/A.

Numbering Items

In terms of numbering items:

• If the item number is more like an ID with regard to its description, use ID formatting as described above.
• In all other cases, use a separate column for the item number.

Status

For status information, use semantic colors on the foreground elements.

For status information on text, use an object status.

Micro Charts

Use only the following micro charts: Bullet, comparison, stacked bar. When using micro charts, use them in size XS.

Empty Tables

Avoid empty analytical tables. If necessary, provide instructions on how to fill the analytical table with data (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, properties: noDataText, showNoData).

Examples:

• If a table is initially empty, provide at least a basic text:
  No items available.
  Overwrite this whenever a hint can be provided on how to fill the table with data.
• If a table is used together with a filter bar (as in the list report), and is initially empty, use the following text:
  To start, set the relevant filters.
• If a table is used together with a filter bar and the filter does not return results, use the following text:
  No data found. Try adjusting the filter settings.

Adapt the texts above if:

• The standard text is not precise enough for your use case (for example, a search is also offered, or only the search is offered).
• The standard text is misleading (for example, if the data is filled based on a list-detail pattern instead of filter settings).

Invalid State

To show an invalid state of the analytical table within the list report floorplan, show an overlay on the analytical table and the corresponding toolbar (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: showOverlay). The overlay prevents user interactions.

Use this within the list report floorplan if filter settings have been changed but the analytical table has not yet been updated.

Item States

To show that a modified item contains an error, for example, within the global edit flow, add the string Contains errors in the Editing Status column and highlight the row accordingly. This string replaces the Modified string. A row with errors should be highlighted in all use cases – for example when the field is visible in the row in edit mode.

To show that an item is locked, add a transparent-style button with the corresponding icon and the text Locked by [name] in the Editing Status column.

To show that an item is in draft state, add a transparent-style button with the text Draft in the Editing Status column.

Show only one state at a time.

Numbers and Units

Show the unit of measurement in one of the following ways:

The number and unit are in the same cell. Do this if sorting, filtering, or grouping by the unit of measurement are not needed.

For amounts, use a currency control to display the concatenated string.

The number and unit are in separate columns. Do this if sorting, filtering, or grouping by the unit of measurement are a common use case.

Note that this column can be hidden or moved independently of the column containing the corresponding number. Therefore, be sure to have clear labels for both columns to communicate the dependency.

If the unit of measurement is the same for all rows, show the unit of measurement in the column header. Otherwise, show the unit of measurement within the row.

Drag and Drop

Drag and drop is “invisible” on the UI: users can’t see where dragging is available and where it isn’t. In addition, there is no generic keyboard interaction. Drag and drop is also not available on all browsers. For these reasons, provide it only in addition to existing (and visible) UI elements that fulfill the same purpose. For example, offer (toolbar) buttons for moving or for copying and pasting items. These are keyboard operable and available on all browsers.

Do not use drag and drop for rearranging items in the analytical table. The analytical table is mainly used for grouping items and for calculating the totals per group and column. Moving items to another group also means that a value of the dropped item changes: because grouping is based on values in a column, the dropped item needs to take on the value of the target group for the corresponding column.

Example:
A table is grouped by availability. An item is moved from the group “Not Available” to the group “In Stock”. In this case, the moved item needs to change its availability to “In Stock” to match the target group. Because changing the value in this way doesn’t make sense, rearranging items is not permitted in analytical tables.

Context Menu

Use the context menu only to give users a quick way of accessing functions that are already available elsewhere (for example, as buttons in the toolbar). Don’t just offer actions in the context menu itself, as users might not realize that these actions are available at all.

The context menu can be triggered for the table, row, or cell. However, we do not recommend using context menus for cells: because the content of a cell is a different touch target than the cell itself, opening a cell context menu via touch is quite hard, even in cozy mode.

Do not combine context menus with condensed mode: editable controls fill the entire space inside a cell. Because of this, context menus cannot be opened at all with touch or mouse interaction.

Actions

Multiple Items

To trigger actions on multiple items, use a multiselection analytical table (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: selectionMode, value: MultiToggle). Offer the corresponding actions in the table toolbar.

Do not offer action triggering on multiple items if the table is generally expected to have fewer than 10 items. In this case, try to use the responsive table instead of the analytical table.

Single Item

To trigger actions on a single item (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: selectionMode, value: Single):

• Show the actions on the table toolbar.
• In rare cases, show the actions within the line item. One example would be an Add to Cart button in a shopping application. Since these actions are repeated in every line and thus use a lot of screen real estate, do this only for a maximum of one or two actions. Provide a separate column per action. Use a button, unless the action trigger belongs to a link. Hide the action in rows for which it is not applicable.

Single Cell

To trigger actions on a single cell, create the corresponding click event. Do not use the cell click event if the cell contains interactive controls, such as links.

To trigger navigation on line item level choose one of the following options:

• Use a link for the attribute that identifies the row. Clicking the link triggers the navigation.
• Add the RowActions column and show the navigation indicator (  ) at the end of the row. The navigation arrow triggers the navigation.

Special case: Multi-selection in a list-detail scenario
When a multi-selection table is used in a list-detail scenario, it is not clear which item was last opened (for example, which item is currently shown in the second column of a flexible column layout). In this case, you can display a “navigated” indicator to show which item is currently open.

Use the RowActions column only for one or both of the following actions:

• Navigate to details page ( )
• Delete ( )

The RowActions column does not provide a column header text. It is fixed and will not scroll away. Users also cannot personalize this column.

Single Cell

For triggering actions on a single cell, create the corresponding click event. Do not use the cell click event if the cell contains interactive controls, such as links.

Add Items

To let users add items, place an Add or Create text button on the table toolbar.

• Use Create if the button adds a brand new item that doesn’t yet exist on the database.
• Use Add if the item already exists and is merely added or assigned to the current object.

Show new items as the first item of the table, with a visual highlight at the beginning of the row.

Enable the shortcut Ctrl+Enter (and ideally also Enter) to trigger the Add or Create button.

There are three options for adding an item. In order of priority (most recommended first), these are:

1. Add the item inline. Create an empty, editable row as the first item of the table. Show the Save button on the table toolbar. This option is recommended for simple scenarios with just a few columns and no option to hide columns.
2. Open a dialog for larger tables with up to 8 editable columns. Save the new item at the dialog level.
3. Navigate to a new page. Only use this option for very complex scenarios that cannot be handled by a dialog (for example, tables with more than 8 columns). When the user presses Save in the footer toolbar of the create page, navigate back to the table.

Depending on the flow, an item can be in one of three different states:

• New: The item was just created inline and is in edit mode (for example, after pressing the Create button). It is highlighted with a visual indicator (information state).
• Recent: The item was just created and is in read-only mode (for example, if Create leads to a dialog, and Save was triggered within the dialog). In this case, keep the item highlighted and display it as the first item in the table. Ignore current sort, filter and grouping criteria to keep the item visible.
• Added: The item has been fully added. It follows the sort, filter, and grouping settings and also loses the visual highlight. This state is applied as follows:
  • Inline creation: After Save is triggered on the table toolbar or at page level.
  • Create with dialog: A table showing one or several items with the state “Recent” gets updated (for example, after sorting, filtering, or grouping, or when the browser is refreshed).

If draft handling is used, new items are not saved at table level, but rather with the entire draft.

For more details, see the guidelines for managing objects (including subarticles).

Editable Content

View Settings

Persist the view settings. When a user reopens the app, show the analytical table with the same sort, filter, group, and aggregation settings as last defined by this user.

Sort

Always sort the table in a meaningful way when it first loads. In most cases, this means sorting by the column that identifies the row. This is usually the first column in the default delivery.

To display the current sort state, an icon is shown in the column header of the last sorted column. This icon indicates the sort direction (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, properties: sorted, sortOrder, sortProperty).

For the default sort setting, sort by the column that identifies the row, which is usually the first column in default delivery. Use a meaningful sort order, such as alphabetical order for text, numeric order for numbers, or chronological order for dates.

The descending sort order must always be the exact reverse of the ascending sort order.

For each column, provide a meaningful sort order. For example:

• Sort text alphabetically
• Sort numbers by their value
• Sort status information by the severity of the status:
  • Ascending: Sort status information from positive to negative, with neutral last.
  • Descending: Sort status information from negative to positive, with neutral first.

• • Ascending with different values per severity level: Sort status information from positive to negative, with neutral last. Sort different values within a severity level (semantic color) alphabetically.
  • Descending with different values per severity level: Sort status information from negative to positive, with neutral first. Sort different values within a severity level (semantic color) alphabetically.

Filter

To display the current filter state, an icon is shown in the column header of the filtered column (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, properties: filtered, filterProperty, filterValue, filterOperator, defaultFilterOperator, filterType).

Group

To display the current group state, group headers are shown. Show the following text in the group header (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, properties: grouped, showIfGrouped, groupHeaderFormatter):

[Label of the grouped column]: [Grouping value]

If there is no grouping value, show the following text:
[Label of the grouped column]: (Not Available)

This is the case if you have a group of items that don’t have a value for the grouped column.

Set the property collapseRecursive to “false” to keep subgroups expanded even after collapsing and expanding the parent group.

On non-touch devices, right-clicking a group header opens the group header menu. On touch devices, the same menu is opened by using the menu icon on the right side of a group header.

The group header menu provides several options:

• Show/Hide: Shows or hides the column in the table layout, although it is grouped.
• Ungroup: When the user ungroups a column, the corresponding group headers disappear. If the column was hidden, it is shown again as a separate column.
• Ungroup All: The columns are shown again.
• Move Up: Rearranges the grouping levels hierarchy by moving the selected group above the group that is one level higher up in the hierarchy.
• Move Down: Rearranges the grouping levels hierarchy by moving the selected group below the group that is one level lower down in the hierarchy.
• Collapse Level: Collapses all groups on the corresponding grouping level.
• Collapse All: All groups are collapsed.

In general:

• Offer grouping on objects and attributes.
• Do not offer grouping on measures.
• If appropriate, offer reasonable grouping by default, but do not exaggerate. As a rule of thumb, use up to three group levels.
• Provide more space for the first column. Grouping needs an indent per group level. Extra space in the first column prevents truncated text.

Aggregate

To display the current aggregation state, the total sum of the corresponding column is shown at the bottom of the table.

If items are grouped, an intermediate sum is shown:

• At the bottom of each group if the group is expanded.
• In the group header if the group is collapsed.

(sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: summed)

When aggregating amounts with different units of measurement, show an asterisk (*) in the aggregation rows.

When sorting an aggregated column, only the leaf nodes of a group are included by default. If each measure column currently displays a single unit of measurement, the order of the groups can also be affected.

For example:
Let’s assume that table items are grouped by Country/Region and aggregated by Total Net Amount. If you sort the Total Net Amount column in descending order, the largest total net amount is shown first.

In general:

• Offer aggregation on measures, but not on objects or attributes.
• Avoid aggregations on the first three columns for the default delivery. As soon as grouping is used together with aggregations, collapsing a group shows the aggregation on the group header. This conflicts with the group name.
• Where appropriate, offer reasonable aggregation by default.

Personalization

Only offer personalization if you need more columns than a tablet screen can display at any one time, which is usually five.

Persist the column layout. When a user reopens the app, show the analytical table with the same column layout settings as last defined by this user.

Add, Remove, and Rearrange Columns

To add, remove, or rearrange columns, use one of the following:

• The table personalization dialog: It offers some simple settings for column layout. Use this if you have only a few columns to choose from and/or you use the view settings dialog.
• The p13n dialog: Besides various complex view settings, it also provides settings for column layout. Use this if you have a large number of columns to choose from and/or you use this dialog anyway for view settings.

In both cases, trigger the dialog via the settings button in the table toolbar. As short cut, use CTRL+COMMA.

You can also use drag and drop to rearrange columns (sap.ui.table.Table, property: enableColumnReordering). If you allow rearranging via drag and drop as well as via a dialog, keep both places in sync.

Resize Columns

Resizing columns works differently on touch and non-touch devices.

• Non-touch devices: Drag and drop the column separator on the right side of the column. Double-clicking the column separator optimizes the width of the column for the data currently loaded into the front end, which is usually about 100 rows.
• Touch devices: Clicking the column header reveals two buttons: one for opening the column header menu, another one for resizing the column. Drag and drop this second button to resize the column.

Freeze Columns

For freezing columns, offer the setting in the column header menu (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: enableColumnFreeze).

Selecting Freeze on a column freezes all columns from the first one to the one where Freeze is selected. On this column, the menu entry changes from Freeze to Unfreeze.

Tables in Object Pages

In the object page, you can use a responsive table or grid table and offer navigation to a list report with the previously mentioned tables. We advise using analytical and tree tables in tab mode.

For more information on the use of tables within the object page, see the Tables section of the Object Page article.

Export to Spreadsheet

On the table toolbar, apps can provide a menu button for exporting table data to a spreadsheet. For the export, use the export to spreadsheet function.

Properties

sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable

The following additional properties are available for the analytical table:

• The property: width defines the width of the analytical table.
• The property: rowHeight defines the height of each row in the analytical table. Since the height required is calculated automatically by the analytical table, this property is only needed rarely.
• The property: columnHeaderHeight defines the height of the column headers. Since the height required is calculated automatically by the analytical table, this property is only needed rarely.
• The property: columnHeaderVisible can be used to hide the column headers. Always show the column headers.
• The property: showColumnVisibilityMenu provides an additional entry in the column header menu that allows columns to be shown or hidden. In SAP Fiori, columns are shown and hidden via the table personalization dialog or via the table personalization dialog. Do not use this property.
• The property: columnVisibilityMenuSorter is used for sorting the columns inside the column header menu if showing and hiding columns is provided in the menu. In SAP Fiori, columns are shown and hidden via the table personalization dialog or via the table personalization dialog. Do not use this property.
• The property: visibleRowCount defines the height of the analytical table. Show as many rows as fit on the screen.
• The property: visibleRowCountMode defines whether the height of the analytical table is fixed or automatically calculated based on the space provided by the underlying container. For automatic calculation, make sure that all rows have the same height.
• The property: minimumAutoRowCount defines the minimum number of rows that must be shown if the property: visibleRowCountMode is set to “auto”. Show at least three to five rows.
• The property: firstVisibleRow defines the first row shown in the visible area of the analytical table. The analytical table is scrolled accordingly.
• The property: allowColumnReordering is deprecated. Use the property: enableColumnReordering instead.
• The property: editable does not have a visible effect. Please do not use it.
• The property: threshold is used for optimizing lazy loading of items. In most cases, the default value is appropriate.
• The property: enableGrouping is experimental and does not have a meaningful effect on the analytical table. Do not use it.
• The property: sumOnTop shows additional aggregation values on the group header, even if the group is expanded. Do not use it.
• The property: enableCustomFilter changes the filter entry in the column header menu from an edit box to Filter…. Selecting this entry throws an event that apps can react to, for example, by opening a dialog. In general, you should choose the built-in filter over your own implementation. Specifically, keep filtering via the column header menu simple, while offering more advanced options via the table personalization dialog.
• The property: enableBusyIndicator has not yet been fully implemented. Do not use it.
• The property: title adds a line of text on top of the analytical table. Do not use it. To add a title to the table, use a toolbar.
• The property: footer adds a short text at the bottom of the table.
• The property: Busy sets the analytical table to busy state. While in busy state, the whole table cannot be used and items cannot be read due to an overlay.
• The property: Tooltip does not have an effect. Do not use it.
• The property: alternateRowColors displays the rows with alternating background colors (“banded rows”). Do not use it.

sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn

The following additional properties are available for the analytical column:

• The property: leadingProperty is used for data binding.
• The property: inResult is used for data binding.
• The property: visible defines whether a column is shown or hidden.
• The property: name defines the name shown in the column header menu for showing and hiding columns. In SAP Fiori, columns are shown and hidden via the table personalization dialog or via the table personalization dialog. Please do not use this property.
• The property: headerSpan defines whether one column header is used for one or several columns. To prevent adverse side effects, always use one column header for only one single column. Please do not use this property.
• The property: Tooltip does not have an effect. Please do not use it.

Resources

Want to dive deeper? Follow the links below to find out more about related controls, the SAPUI5 implementation, and the visual design.

Radio buttons provide users with a set of mutually exclusive options. They allow a user to select only one option from two or more choices. Each option is represented by a radio button. Consequently, radio buttons only work in groups.

Usage

Use the radio button if:

• You need to help users choose quickly between at least two clearly different choices.

Do not use the radio button if:

• You need to offer the user the option of multiple selection. In this case, use checkboxes instead because radio buttons are for single-selection contexts only.
• You want to allow the user to select list items. Instead, let the user tab the list item to make a single selection (consider a message toast for confirmation) and provide checkboxes to select multiple list items.
• The default option is recommended for most users in most situations. In this case, consider a dropdown list instead, which uses less space by not showing all options straightaway.
• You need to present more than 8 options. Use a dropdown box or list view.
• In special cases, there are only two mutually exclusive options. Combine them into a single checkbox or toggle switch. For example, use a checkbox for “I agree” (for example, to terms and conditions) instead of two radio buttons for “I agree” and “I don’t agree”.
• The options are numbers with fixed steps. Use a slider control.

Responsiveness

Behavior and Interaction

Activation

The user taps a radio button to activate the related option. Note that tapping an activated option does not deactivate it, but tapping a different option transfers activation to that option. Therefore, a user can select only one option from a group of radio buttons.

A group of radio buttons behaves like a single control: Using the tab key sets the focus directly on the selected option. Users can cycle through the group using the arrow keys.

Styles

States

Column Attribute

Guidelines

The radio button control serves the purpose of exclusive selection and adds clarity and weight to very important options in your app. Use radio buttons when the options being presented are important enough to occupy more screen space. They should only be used if the user needs to see all available options instantly and side by side. Radio buttons draw more attention to the options as they emphasize all options equally.

Labeling

A label to indicate the option is mandatory for each radio button. Limit the radio button’s label to a single line.

Sorting

List the options in a logical order, such as lowest to highest risk, simplest to most complex operation, or most to least likely to be selected.

Alphabetical ordering is less recommended as it is language-dependent and therefore not localizable.

Aligning

Try to align radio buttons vertically instead of horizontally, especially for long labels. Horizontal alignment is harder to read and localize. Consider horizontal alignment in cases of one-word labels, such as in the background color settings example above.

In forms, always align radio buttons vertically instead of horizontally as the length of the labels may vary for different languages.

Do not put two radio button groups right next to each other as it is difficult to determine which buttons belong to which group. Use group labels and padding to separate them.

Offering “No Choice”

If the user is also able to select none of the options, be sure to add this option to the control as well (as this option is generally not offered in the control). Add a radio button that offers None or Does not apply.

Default State

Because radio buttons do not generally offer “no choice”, the app should show the less risky option (most likely the first option in the group) as preselected by default.

Exceptional Case: No Preselection by Default

In rare cases, preselection might result in incorrect inputs or assumptions. One such example is gender selection in a form. In this case, you should offer no preselection and decide whether a user input is mandatory or not depending on the use case.

If a choice is mandatory, set an error state if validation proves that a user did not select an option.

Resources