Updated: November 8, 2023

Analytical Table (ALV)

sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable

Intro

An analytical table contains a set of data that is structured in rows and columns. It provides several powerful possibilities for working with the data, including advanced grouping and aggregations.

In contrast to other tables, the analytical data binding used by the analytical table allows an aggregated number to be shown automatically in a cell. This means that a number in such a summarized cell is a total sum of several lines in the database.

Usage

Use the analytical table (ALV) if:

  • The cell level and the spatial relationship between cells are more important than the line item. Examples include spreadsheet analyses and waterfall charts. Note that an analytical table is not fully responsive. It is only available for desktops and tablets, so you will need to take an adaptive approach by offering an additional UI for smartphones.
  • You have to work on more than 1,000 rows. In this case, the analytical table is easier to handle. In contrast to the responsive table, the architecture of the analytical table is optimized for handling large numbers of items. Note that an analytical table is not fully responsive. It is only available for desktops and tablets, so you will need to take an adaptive approach by offering an additional UI for smartphones.
  • Comparing items is a major use case. In this case, an analytical table might be more appropriate than a responsive table. In the analytical table, each cell contains only one data point. In contrast, the responsive table is more flexible regarding line items, including the ability to add more data points per cell and also the pop-in function. Both make comparisons more difficult. Note that an analytical table is not fully responsive. It is only available for desktops and tablets, so you will need to take an adaptive approach by offering an additional UI for smartphones.

Do not use the analytical table (ALV) if:

  • You need a table. The responsive table is the default table in SAP Fiori. Additional use cases where you might need the responsive table include:
    • You need to provide a total sum for one column. You can also add totals to the responsive table.
    • The focus is on working on line items, not on cells. The responsive table is optimized for displaying complete items on all devices (such as purchase orders and purchase requisitions).
    • Selecting one or more items is a main use case and details are needed to choose the correct item.
    • Line items are independent of each other and no operation across columns is needed.
    • You want to have only one implementation for all devices.
  • The main use case is choosing one item from a very small number of items with no additional details. A select or combo box might be more appropriate.
  • The main use case is choosing one out of several items with only a few details per item. A list might be more appropriate. Examples include the list in a list-detail scenario or an attachment list. Pay attention to the layout of the list item to ensure that it has a pleasant appearance.
  • You cannot provide an analytical binding on the technical side. In this case, a grid table will do the work. However, please note that the grid table doesn’t provide grouping, aggregation options, and is not responsive.
  • Data needs to be structured in a hierarchical manner. In this case, a tree table might be more appropriate. Although the analytical table can have several grouping levels, it is not as flexible when nodes at several levels contain children. Note that neither the tree table nor the analytical table are responsive. You will need to take an adaptive approach by offering an additional UI for smartphones and tablets.
  • You need an overview of a large amount of data. In this case, use charts.
  • You just need it for layout reasons. In this case, use a layout container like HBox or VBox.
  • You need read-only or editable field-value pairs. Use a form instead. The analytical table is not optimized for form-like input navigation.

Responsiveness

The analytical table is available for desktops and tablets, but not in smartphone sizes. It supports touch interaction devices, but is not optimized for small screens. If you use an analytical table, you need to take an adaptive approach by offering an additional UI for smartphones.

You could create a fallback by using a responsive table. However, a completely different solution, such as showing charts in a read-only case, might be more suitable.

Analytical table (ALV) shown on a desktop
Analytical table (ALV) shown on a desktop
Analytical table (ALV) shown on a tablet
Analytical table (ALV) shown on a tablet

Components

An analytical table does not consist of other elements. However, it is common to use a toolbar above the analytical table.

The toolbar can contain entry points for the view settings dialog and the table personalization dialog or for the p13n dialog, as well as for view switches in the form of a segmented button, and buttons for Add, Edit, and other actions.

Behavior and Interaction

An analytical table is quite restricted in terms of its content, although it provides powerful features for working with the content.

Table Level

Scroll

An analytical table allows horizontal and vertical scrolling (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: navigationMode, value: Scrollbar).

You can add any number of line items to the analytical table, which is known as “lazy loading”.

To prevent adverse side effects when scrolling vertically, all line items must have the same height (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: rowHeight).

The analytical table is optimized to allow faster scrolling within the first 1000 items.

Scroll bar
Scroll bar

Select

Selection for an analytical table depends on the chosen selection mode. The following options are available:

No selection: Items cannot be selected. (property: selectionMode = None)

Analytical table without item selection
Analytical table without item selection

Single selection: One item in the analytical table can be selected. A row selector column is shown. (property: selectionMode = Single)

Analytical table with single selection
Analytical table with single selection
  • Multiple selection: One or more items can be selected. The analytical table provides a column with checkboxes on the left-hand side. Clicking a checkbox toggles the state of the corresponding row from deselected to selected and back. The Shift key can be used to select a range. For multiple selection, you can choose between two variants.
    • Multi-toggle mode (property: selectionMode = MultiToggle)
    • Multi-selection plug-in (sap.ui.table.plugins.MultiSelectionPlugin)

    These variants behave differently when the user selects more items than are currently loaded in the front end.

    Multi-toggle

    In multi-toggle mode, you can offer a Select All checkbox to the left of the column header (property: enableSelectAll). Selecting this checkbox selects or deselects all items that are currently loaded in the front end (keyboard: Ctrl+A). All other items are not selected/deselected. If the application data is stored in the back end, scrolling down further can reveal additional unselected items. The same can happen with range selections if not all items in the selected range have been loaded to the front end.

    Multi-selection plug-in

    If you use this plug-in instead of the multi-toggle selection mode, the behavior for range selection and Select All changes:

    • By default, a dedicated Deselect All button replaces the Select All checkbox. There is no default UI element for selecting all items.
    • You can set a limit for the number of items that can be selected (sap.ui.table.plugins.MultiSelectionPlugin, property: limit). This limit has the following effect:
      • The range that can be selected using the Shift key is limited to the specified number of items (default = 200). The table automatically scrolls back to the last selected item and a message can appear (sap.ui.table.plugins.MultiSelectionPlugin, property: enableNotification). Users can select more items by selecting additional ranges (the specified limit applies each time).
      • If the selection limit is set to 0, a Select All checkbox is shown. There is also no limit on the number of items that can be selected in a range. All selected items are loaded, which can lead to performance issues for large data sets. (Keyboard: Ctrl+A)
    • If selected items are not already available in the front end, they are loaded automatically by the plug-in and set as selected.
Information
When setting a limit for the number of items that can be selected, keep the following boundaries in mind:

  • The performance of your service: How many items can be loaded at once in a reasonable time? Does this also apply if an end-user shows all available columns?
  • The “minimum limit”: Internally, the analytcial table loads blocks of items as the user scrolls down. Because this block size (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: threshold) is usually also based on the performance of the service, it should be safe to assume that the minimum selection limit is twice this size. In this case, loading the data would take as long as scrolling down and loading exactly one more block. Nevertheless, we recommend using larger limits if your service allows.

Analytical table with multiple selection
Analytical table with multiple selection
Using the multi-selection plug-in with a limit
Using the multi-selection plug-in with a limit

Selection Behavior

An item can be selected in different ways, depending on the configuration of the analytical table (sap.ui.table.Table, property: selectionBehavior):

  • Row: An item is selected by clicking the checkbox or the row. Use this option for multi-selection tables if clicking a row or a cell is not used for anything else.
  • RowSelector: An item is selected only by clicking the checkbox in the selector cell. Use this option if clicking the row (or a cell inside the row) is used for something else, such as navigation.
  • RowOnly: An item is selected only by clicking the row, and not using checkboxes in the selector cells. Use this for single-selection tables if clicking a row or a cell is not used for another purpose, such as navigation.

Compact, Cozy, and Condensed

Like all SAP Fiori controls, the analytical table is shown in compact mode on a desktop and in cozy mode on tablets.

For desktop devices, you can fit even more rows onto the screen by using the condensed mode together with the compact mode. This renders less white space for each item.

Note that the condensed content density must always be set in addition to the compact mode. Do not use the condensed mode on its own. Do not mix condensed with cozy. Doing so could lead to unpredictable or unwanted results, such as cozy-sized controls in condensed-sized containers, missing padding, and so on.

Note that neither compact mode nor condensed mode support touch interaction. Even on a desktop with a touch screen, users will have difficulty selecting rows or using controls inside the cells with their fingers.

For more information on cozy and compact modes, see content density.

 

 

 

 

Analytical table in compact mode
Analytical table in compact mode
Analytical table in condensed mode - More items on the same screen real estate
Analytical table in condensed mode - More items on the same screen real estate

Column Header

The column header provides the label for the corresponding column and access to the column header menu.

Columns are resized as follows:

  • Mouse interaction: The user drags the separator line between two columns (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: Resizable). Double-clicking the line optimizes the column according to the length of the data currently visible and the label of the column header (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: Autoresizable).
  • Touch interaction: The user clicks the column header to reveal two buttons: one to show the column header menu and one for resizing. The user drags the latter to resize the column.
  • Keyboard interaction: Users can increase the width of the focused column header with Shift+Right and decrease it with Shift+Left.

When the user resizes a column, the adaptation of the column width depends on how the column widths are set:

  • If column widths are set in pixel-based units (px, em, rem), the resized column is adapted and subsequent columns are moved accordingly. The width of all other columns is not affected.
    If all the columns together do not use up the full width of the table control, empty space is added. If all the columns together exceed the width of the table control, a scrollbar appears.
  • If all column widths are set as percentages or “auto”, resizing one column automatically resizes one or more other columns. Resizing can also affect the position of the resized column. This option utilizes the full width of the table and ensures that no white space is added. A scrollbar appears only if all or most of the columns become to narrow. To avoid the side effect of undersized columns, you can set a minimum width per column. However, this minimum width is only taken into account if columns are resized automatically. End users can still reduce the column width to below the defined minimum (sap.ui.table.Column, properties: width, minWidth).

Users can rearrange columns by dragging the column header to another position (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: enableColumnReordering). Keyboard interaction: Ctrl+Left and Ctrl+Right move the focused column header one position in the corresponding direction.

Column header
Column header
Opening the column header menu on touch devices
Opening the column header menu on touch devices
Columns do not use up the available space
Columns do not use up the available space

Column Header Menu

For each column, a menu can contain the following menu items (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumnMenu, property: Visible):

  • Sort Ascending/Descending (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: showSortMenuEntries)
  • Free text filter (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: showFilterMenuEntries)
  • Group
  • Totals
  • Freeze from the first to the last specified column (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: enableColumnFreeze)

For each column, the menu can be replaced by an app-specific menu.

Column header menu
Column header menu

Sort

The column header menu can provide two sort options (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, properties: sortProperty, showSortMenuEntry):

  • Sort Ascending
  • Sort Descending

The user selects one of these options to sort the corresponding column accordingly (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, properties: sorted, sortOrder, sortProperty).

Sort settings in column header menu
Sort settings in column header menu

Filter

The column header menu can provide a search field for entering free text (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, properties: filterProperty, showFilterMenuEntries).

If the user enters a term in the input field and triggers the search by pressing ENTER when the focus is on the filter input field, the analytical table is filtered by the corresponding column and value (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, properties: filtered, filterProperty, filterValue, filterOperator, sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: filterType).

Note that the filter may return zero results, in which case, the table might be empty.

General recommendations for filtering:

  • If filtering is a main use case, choose the filter bar or any other filtering UI over the built-in free text filter.
  • Only use the free text filter if filtering is a secondary use case and if the filter bar is too heavy.
Free text filter in column header menu
Free text filter in column header menu

Group

The column header menu can provide the option to group by this column (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: sortProperty).

One group collects all items with the same value within the corresponding column.

Group setting in column header menu
Group setting in column header menu

If line items are grouped in a column, every group is provided with a collapsible or expandable group header (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: grouped). The header text consists of the column name and the value for the corresponding group (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: groupHeaderFormatter). Several grouping levels are possible.

The corresponding column can be hidden to avoid duplicates (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: showIfGrouped). Exercise caution when using this option since hiding the column changes the table layout and may lead to confusion.

Group headers and the corresponding columns are shown – The relevant data is duplicated
Group headers and the corresponding columns are shown – The relevant data is duplicated
Group headers shown, the corresponding column hidden – No duplicates
Group headers shown, the corresponding column hidden – No duplicates

Aggregation

The column header menu can provide the option to show or hide aggregation totals for this column.

Intermediate aggregations are shown at group level for the corresponding columns if the group contains more than one line item (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: summed).

The overall aggregation is shown in a row at the bottom of the analytical table when the column contains values for a single unit of measure.

Overall aggregation for a single unit of measure
Overall aggregation for a single unit of measure

When the column contains values for more than one unit of measure, a Show Details link is displayed in a row at the bottom of the table, for example, when the column contains multiple currencies.

The Show Details link opens a popover that lists the totals for each unit of measure.

Overall aggregation for multiple units of measure via the 'Show Details' link
Overall aggregation for multiple units of measure via the 'Show Details' link

Freeze Columns

The column header menu can provide the option to freeze columns (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: enableColumnFreeze). Selecting Freeze freezes all columns up to the one in which the operation was triggered (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: fixedColumnCount).

When Freeze is triggered, the menu item changes to Unfreeze for the corresponding column.

Freeze setting in column header menu
Freeze setting in column header menu

Line Item Level

A line item contains a set of cells and provides options for selecting the item.

To prevent adverse side effects when scrolling vertically, all line items must have the same height.

(sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: rowHeight)

Line item
Line item

Drag and Drop

One or several items can be moved to other UI elements using drag and drop operations (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, aggregation: dragDropConfig). While being dragged, the items are shown as ghost elements on the mouse cursor.

Drop targets can be on items, between items, or both (sap.ui.core.dnd.DropPosition). On a drop target, the mouse cursor changes to either a “copy”, “link”, “move”, or “none” cursor. “None” indicates that the dragged item cannot be dropped in the current position (sap.ui.core.dnd.DropEffect).

Drag and drop is only available on supporting browsers.

Drag and drop
Drag and drop
Whole item as drop target
Whole item as drop target

Cell Level

A cell provides one data point.

It can contain one of the following controls to display this data point:

While it is technically possible to also use other controls, doing so could lead to issues with alignment, condensed mode, screen reader support, and keyboard support.

If you use text, use only single-line text to keep the same row height. Truncate if necessary as this prevents adverse side effects when scrolling vertically (sap.m.Text, property: wrapping, value: false). Do not wrap.

Cell
Cell

Context Menu

You can attach a context menu (sap.m.Menu) to a table. The context menu gives users an alternative way to modify the focused elements by giving them access to context-specific functions.

When opened, the context menu gets the row and column context, except for special columns (such as the selection column) or special rows (like group headers). Context menus can be implemented for a specific table, row, or cell (not recommended for editable cells).

By default, the analytical table provides a context menu on the group headers (for example, Expand, Collapse, …). Otherwise, no default context menus are provided.

Context menus are opened by right-clicking (desktop), long press (mobile), the context menu key, or Shift+F10.

Be aware that using the context menu overrides the browser context menu, which can no longer be opened.

If a control inside a table is the “click target”, and the control also provides a context menu, the control context menu “wins”.

Analytical table with context menu
Analytical table with context menu

Guidelines

Data Density vs. Complexity

The analytical table can be used to display and work with large amounts of data. Unfortunately, the analytical table has a high data density and therefore conveys an immediate feeling of complexity.

Only show tables with a lot of data as a last resort. To make the data easier to read, you should instead try the following:

  • Break down the data into manageable chunks and allow the user to navigate or drill down between them.
  • Use charts with drilldown functionality until the amount of data is more manageable.

Try to avoid horizontal scrolling in the default delivery.

Try to minimize the number of columns, especially if there is a large number of rows.

Table Title

Implement the table title by using a title control in a toolbar.

Use a table title only if the title of the table is not indicated in the surrounding area.

Do not use a table title if it simply repeats text that is already above the table. For example:

  • A pricing conditions table is the only control on a tab labeled Pricing Conditions.
  • A section or subsection on an object page contains only one table.

Use a table title if you need the item count, table toolbar, or variant management. To avoid repeating text, feel free to use generic text as a table title, such as Items.
Exception: If the surrounding area contains the table title, and both the item count and toolbar can be added to the surrounding area, no additional table title is needed.
Example: An object page (sub-)section contains only one table. In this case, add the item count and the table toolbar to the (sub-)section header.

If you use a table title, show either a title for the table, with or without variant management, or an item count in the following format:

Items (2,534).

The item count in the table title includes all the visible items that a user can reach by scrolling or expanding groups. Group headers are not included.

Remove the item count in the table title if there are zero items.

Developer Hint
Assistive technologies (such as screen readers) use the title to create a hierarchical site map for faster navigation. In addition, screen readers use the title as the label for the table.

If you don’t use a title (for example, to avoid repetition), make sure that the table is connected to another meaningful on-screen text that can be used as a label for assistive technologies. You can do this using the method addAriaLabelledBy.

Selection

Single Selection

For single-selection list-detail scenarios within the flexible column layout, do not show an additional “navigated” indicator.

Multiple Selection

  • We strongly recommend using the multi-selection plug-in. This ensures that all items selected using Select All or as part of a range are included – even if some items were not initially loaded in the front end. This is not the case if you use the multi-toggle option.
  • Do not limit the range selection for the multi-selection plug-in unless you have to.
    • If the dataset is small and/or completely available in the front-end, set the limit property to 0 to enable the Select All option and allow users to select any range.
    • If you have a large dataset, set a limit on the number of selected items to avoid performance issues. Also bear in mind that some actions won’t be helpful if the dataset is too big (for example, a delete operation on 2 million database entries).
  • When setting a limit, also display the corresponding message when the user selects more items at once than the limit allows (sap.ui.table.plugins.MultiSelectionPlugin, property: enableNotification).
  • In multiple selection mode (multi toggle), do not show checkboxes in the first data column in the default delivery to avoid confusion.
Don't
Do not add checkboxes to the first column
Do not add checkboxes to the first column
  • Never disable the selection checkbox. If an action can’t be performed on a specific item, inform the user after the corresponding action has been triggered. For more information, see Enabling/Disabling Actions.

Loading Data

To indicate that the table is currently loading items, use the busy state (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: busy). Do not show any items or text. As soon as the data is loaded, remove the busy state and show all items.

Errors and Warnings

To indicate that the table contains items with errors or warnings, show a message strip above the table. On the message strip, provide information about errors or warnings. When issues are solved or when new issues appear, update the message strip accordingly.

To indicate an error in a single row, see Item States below.

For details on displaying errors, warnings, and other messages, see Message Handling.

Developer Hint
The sap.m.plugins.DataStateIndicator displays a message strip above the table, which shows binding-related messages.
Table containing errors and warnings
Table containing errors and warnings

Columns – Best Practices

Minimize the number of columns. Avoid the need to scroll horizontally in the default delivery.

By default, the analytical table assigns the same width to each column. We recommend overwriting this default to provide optimal space for your content (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: width).

If you define the column width in pixels or rems, resizing a column affects only the width of this specific column. Reducing the size of the browser window results in a scrollbar. If the user resizes a column, and the total width of all columns exceeds the table width, a scrollbar appears. If the columns do not take up the full table width, white space appears to the right of the last column.

If you define the column width as a percentage, resizing one column affects the width of several or all columns. Reducing the size of the browser window truncates the texts. This ensures that the columns fill up all the available space. A scrollbar appears only if width of all the columns still exceeds the table width after the automatic width adjustments. To avoid the side effect of undersized columns, you can set a minimum width per column. However, this this minimum width is only taken into account if columns are automatically resized. End users can still reduce the column width to below the defined minimum (sap.ui.table.Column, properties: width, minWidth).

If you set the column width to “auto”, the behavior is the same as for “percentage”. However, unlike “percentage”, “auto” distributes the columns equally.

To decide on how to set the column width (pixel/rem/em vs. percent/auto), keep the following in mind:

  • For tables with only 2 to 3 columns, use pixel-based units. This ensures that the values in the columns are not spread over the whole screen on wide screens, which improves the readability of the line items.
  • For tables with many columns, where a horizontal scrollbar is usually needed, use pixel based units. This avoids unintended side effects when resizing columns.
  • For all other tables, use whatever fits your case better.

Be cautious when mixing columns with pixel-based and percentage-based widths. While this can be helpful in some cases, it can also cause even more side effects when resizing a column. If you are using percentage-based widths for one or more columns, consider not allowing end users to resize columns at all.

Optimize the column width for its initial visible content, including the column header texts. If this is not possible (for example, if showing the full texts would result in extremely wide columns), let the texts truncate. End users can change the width of the column to read the full text, as needed.

Maintain a constant column width and avoid adjusting it automatically when the content changes.

Always keep to one line of text. Do not wrap.

Don't
Don't truncate the initial visible content In the default delivery
Don't truncate the initial visible content In the default delivery
Don't
Never wrap texts
Never wrap texts

Column Headers – Best Practices

For each column, provide a label in the column header. In the default delivery, do not truncate the column header texts. Only let the text truncate if showing the full text would make the column too wide. Never wrap the text.

Content Alignment

For alignment of cell content, follow the guidelines below.

Left-align: text, IDs, phone numbers, URLs, passwords, and email addresses.

Left-alignment of text
Left-alignment of text

Right-align: numbers, except IDs, to ensure comparability of numbers and amounts.

Right-alignment of numbers
Right-alignment of numbers

Right-align amounts with currencies to the cell and align their respective decimal points.

This ensures that amounts with different currencies are shown correctly, regardless of whether the currencies have 0, 2, or 3 decimals.

For aligning to the decimal point, use the sap.ui.uinified.Currency control.

Alignment to the decimal point
Alignment to the decimal point

Right-align dates and times.

This ensures comparability for most formats and locales.

Right-alignment of dates
Right-alignment of dates

Left-align status information.

Left-align status information
Left-align status information

Center-align icons.

Left-align micro charts.

XS micro charts in condensed mode
XS micro charts in condensed mode

Content Formatting

Key Identifier

Use a bold label or an emphasized link as the key identifier of an item. In the default delivery, show the key identifier in the first column.

Emphasized link
Emphasized link

For strings with IDs, use one of the following:

  • Show the ID in a separate column. Use this format if users need to sort, group, or filter by both the string and the ID.
  • Show the ID in parentheses after the corresponding string. In this case, you must opt for one criterion for sorting, filtering, and grouping – either the string or the ID. This option is then used for all sort, filter and group actions and can’t be changed later by the user. Use this format only if users don’t need to sort, filter, and group by both the string and the ID.
Text and ID in two columns – Allows sorting, filtering, and grouping for both
Text and ID in two columns – Allows sorting, filtering, and grouping for both
If displayed as a link, use only the string as the link, not the ID
If displayed as a link, use only the string as the link, not the ID
Text and ID in one column – Sorting, filtering, and grouping are available for either the text or the ID, but not for both
Text and ID in one column – Sorting, filtering, and grouping are available for either the text or the ID, but not for both
If displayed as a link, use the whole text as the link
If displayed as a link, use the whole text as the link

Truncation

Avoid truncation of typical content in the default delivery (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: width). However, since the columns are resizable, do not worry too much if truncation occurs as columns can still be enlarged if necessary.

To prevent adverse side effects when scrolling vertically, all line items must also have the same height. If you need to decide between truncation and different row heights, choose truncation. Do not wrap.

Optimize column width for typical content, not all content
Optimize column width for typical content, not all content

Number of Links

Are there too many links? Use subtle links to avoid a wall of links. Standard links are also emphasized more if they are surrounded by subtle links.

For example, a financial table consists of several columns with summarized cells. A summarized cell shows the total sum of several database entries. Each sum should be a link to a report that shows details about which database entries produce the total sum. The line item identifier should also be a link that provides more detail about the line item itself. Use a standard or emphasized link for the item identifier, and subtle links for the summarized cells.

Emphasized links, links, subtle links, and text
Emphasized links, links, subtle links, and text

Missing Value

If there is no value for a cell, leave it blank. Do not display text as N/A.

Leave empty fields blank
Leave empty fields blank

Numbering Items

In terms of numbering items:

  • If the item number is more like an ID with regard to its description, use ID formatting as described above.
  • In all other cases, use a separate column for the item number.
Add a separate column for the item number
Add a separate column for the item number

Status

For status information, use semantic colors on the foreground elements.

For status information on text, use an object status.

Semantic colors on text
Semantic colors on text

Micro Charts

Use only the following micro charts: Bullet, comparison, stacked bar. When using micro charts, use them in size XS.

Micro charts in an analytical table
Micro charts in an analytical table

Empty Tables

Avoid empty analytical tables. If necessary, provide instructions on how to fill the analytical table with data (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, properties: noDataText, showNoData).

Examples:

  • If a table is initially empty, provide at least a basic text:
    No items available.
    Overwrite this whenever a hint can be provided on how to fill the table with data.
  • If a table is used together with a filter bar (as in the list report), and is initially empty, use the following text:
    To start, set the relevant filters.
  • If a table is used together with a filter bar and the filter does not return results, use the following text:
    No data found. Try adjusting the filter settings.

Adapt the texts above if:

  • The standard text is not precise enough for your use case (for example, a search is also offered, or only the search is offered).
  • The standard text is misleading (for example, if the data is filled based on a list-detail pattern instead of filter settings).
Provide meaningful instructions
Provide meaningful instructions

Invalid State

To show an invalid state of the analytical table within the list report floorplan, show an overlay on the analytical table and the corresponding toolbar (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: showOverlay). The overlay prevents user interactions.

Use this within the list report floorplan if filter settings have been changed but the analytical table has not yet been updated.

Analytical table with invalid data
Analytical table with invalid data

Item States

To show that an item has been modified, for example, within the global edit flow, add the string (Modified) in an additional column with the label Editing Status.

In the default delivery, add a column directly behind the key identifier.

A modified item
A modified item

To show that a modified item contains an error, for example, within the global edit flow, add the string Contains errors in the Editing Status column and highlight the row accordingly. This string replaces the Modified string. A row with errors should be highlighted in all use cases – for example when the field is visible in the row in edit mode.

A modified item with an error
A modified item with an error

To show that an item is locked, add a transparent-style button with the corresponding icon and the text Locked by [name] in the Editing Status column.

A locked item
A locked item

To show that an item is in draft state, add a transparent-style button with the text Draft in the Editing Status column.

Item in draft state
Item in draft state

Show only one state at a time.

Numbers and Units

Show the unit of measurement in one of the following ways:

The number and unit are in the same cell. Do this if sorting, filtering, or grouping by the unit of measurement are not needed.

For amounts, use a currency control to display the concatenated string.

Number and unit of measurement in one cell
Number and unit of measurement in one cell

The number and unit are in separate columns. Do this if sorting, filtering, or grouping by the unit of measurement are a common use case.

Note that this column can be hidden or moved independently of the column containing the corresponding number. Therefore, be sure to have clear labels for both columns to communicate the dependency.

Number and unit of measurement in two columns
Number and unit of measurement in two columns

If the unit of measurement is the same for all rows, show the unit of measurement in the column header. Otherwise, show the unit of measurement within the row.

Drag and Drop

Drag and drop is “invisible” on the UI: users can’t see where dragging is available and where it isn’t. In addition, there is no generic keyboard interaction. Drag and drop is also not available on all browsers. For these reasons, provide it only in addition to existing (and visible) UI elements that fulfill the same purpose. For example, offer (toolbar) buttons for moving or for copying and pasting items. These are keyboard operable and available on all browsers.

Use drag and drop only in addition to existing visible UI elements
Use drag and drop only in addition to existing visible UI elements

Do not use drag and drop for rearranging items in the analytical table. The analytical table is mainly used for grouping items and for calculating the totals per group and column. Moving items to another group also means that a value of the dropped item changes: because grouping is based on values in a column, the dropped item needs to take on the value of the target group for the corresponding column.

Example:
A table is grouped by availability. An item is moved from the group “Not Available” to the group “In Stock”. In this case, the moved item needs to change its availability to “In Stock” to match the target group. Because changing the value in this way doesn’t make sense, rearranging items is not permitted in analytical tables.

Don't
Do not use drag and drop for rearranging items in the analytical table
Do not use drag and drop for rearranging items in the analytical table

Context Menu

Use the context menu only to give users a quick way of accessing functions that are already available elsewhere (for example, as buttons in the toolbar). Don’t just offer actions in the context menu itself, as users might not realize that these actions are available at all.

The context menu can be triggered for the table, row, or cell. However, we do not recommend using context menus for cells: because the content of a cell is a different touch target than the cell itself, opening a cell context menu via touch is quite hard, even in cozy mode.

Do not combine context menus with condensed mode: editable controls fill the entire space inside a cell. Because of this, context menus cannot be opened at all with touch or mouse interaction.

Actions

Multiple Items

To trigger actions on multiple items, use a multiselection analytical table (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: selectionMode, value: MultiToggle). Offer the corresponding actions in the table toolbar.

Do not offer action triggering on multiple items if the table is generally expected to have fewer than 10 items. In this case, try to use the responsive table instead of the analytical table.

Single Item

To trigger actions on a single item (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: selectionMode, value: Single):

  • Show the actions on the table toolbar.
  • In rare cases, show the actions within the line item. One example would be an Add to Cart button in a shopping application. Since these actions are repeated in every line and thus use a lot of screen real estate, do this only for a maximum of one or two actions. Provide a separate column per action. Use a button, unless the action trigger belongs to a link. Hide the action in rows for which it is not applicable.

Single Cell

To trigger actions on a single cell, create the corresponding click event. Do not use the cell click event if the cell contains interactive controls, such as links.

To trigger navigation on line item level choose one of the following options:

  • Use a link for the attribute that identifies the row. Clicking the link triggers the navigation.
  • Add the RowActions column and show the navigation indicator (  ) at the end of the row. The navigation arrow triggers the navigation.

Special case: Multi-selection in a list-detail scenario
When a multi-selection table is used in a list-detail scenario, it is not clear which item was last opened (for example, which item is currently shown in the second column of a flexible column layout). In this case, you can display a “navigated” indicator to show which item is currently open.

Use the RowActions column only for one or both of the following actions:

  • Navigate to details page ( )
  • Delete ( )

The RowActions column does not provide a column header text. It is fixed and will not scroll away. Users also cannot personalize this column.

Navigate to details page
Navigate to details page

Single Cell

For triggering actions on a single cell, create the corresponding click event. Do not use the cell click event if the cell contains interactive controls, such as links.

Add Items

To let users add items, place an Add or Create text button on the table toolbar.

  • Use Create if the button adds a brand new item that doesn’t yet exist on the database.
  • Use Add if the item already exists and is merely added or assigned to the current object.

Show new items as the first item of the table, with a visual highlight at the beginning of the row.

Enable the shortcut Ctrl+Enter (and ideally also Enter) to trigger the Add or Create button.

There are three options for adding an item. In order of priority (most recommended first), these are:

  1. Add the item inline. Create an empty, editable row as the first item of the table. Show the Save button on the table toolbar. This option is recommended for simple scenarios with just a few columns and no option to hide columns.
  2. Open a dialog for larger tables with up to 8 editable columns. Save the new item at the dialog level.
  3. Navigate to a new page. Only use this option for very complex scenarios that cannot be handled by a dialog (for example, tables with more than 8 columns). When the user presses Save in the footer toolbar of the create page, navigate back to the table.

Depending on the flow, an item can be in one of three different states:

  • New: The item was just created inline and is in edit mode (for example, after pressing the Create button). It is highlighted with a visual indicator (information state).
  • Recent: The item was just created and is in read-only mode (for example, if Create leads to a dialog, and Save was triggered within the dialog). In this case, keep the item highlighted and display it as the first item in the table. Ignore current sort, filter and grouping criteria to keep the item visible.
  • Added: The item has been fully added. It follows the sort, filter, and grouping settings and also loses the visual highlight. This state is applied as follows:
    • Inline creation: After Save is triggered on the table toolbar or at page level.
    • Create with dialog: A table showing one or several items with the state “Recent” gets updated (for example, after sorting, filtering, or grouping, or when the browser is refreshed).

If draft handling is used, new items are not saved at table level, but rather with the entire draft.

For more details, see the guidelines for managing objects (including subarticles).

Editable Content

For editable content, only use the following controls, and only one control per cell:

Only these controls are optimized for all viewing modes of the analytical table.

If you need edit mode, change your text controls, such as label, text, link, object status, icons, and currencies, to editable controls as soon as you switch to edit mode, but not before. You can do this by exchanging the controls, for example, from sap.m.Text to sap.m.Input.

For mass editing items:

  • Provide multiselection.
  • Provide an Edit button.
  • If several items are selected, clicking the Edit button opens a dialog in which the user edits the corresponding fields for all selected items.

This is similar to mass editing in the split-screen layout floorplan.

Warning
Do not offer editing for summarized cells. A summarized cell shows the total sum of several database entries. Changing the total sum does not make sense since it is unclear how this sum is divided between the different database entries.
Interactive controls – Inline
Interactive controls – Inline

View Settings

There are several ways to show Sort, Filter, and/or Group settings:

  • Column header menu: In all cases, show the corresponding settings in the column header menu.
  • View settings dialog: Simple and more flexible with regard to filter settings. No advantage for sorting. Allows the user to ungroup grouped columns.tables with a medium amount of items.
  • Table personalization dialog: Provides complex options for sorting items by several levels and allows the user to ungroup grouped columns. It also provides a query-builder-like approach for filter settings. The complexity of the options is also its downside. Use the table personalization dialog for tables with a large number of items.
  • If filtering is a main use case, use the filter bar. In this case, avoid offering additional filter settings on the table. If you do, the filter settings on the table work only on the result set provided by the filter bar.

Always be careful when synchronizing the settings in the dialog with the settings from the column header menu.

Trigger the dialogs in one of the following ways:

  • View settings dialog: Provide several buttons, one for each of these view settings. Each button opens the view settings dialog on the corresponding page.
  • Table personalization dialog: Provide a settings button, which opens the table personalization dialog containing all pages.

Use only the view settings you really need. For example, do not offer grouping if it does not support your use case.

 

Column header menu with view settings
Column header menu with view settings
Table toolbar with triggers for view settings dialog
Table toolbar with triggers for view settings dialog
Table toolbar with trigger for table personalization dialog
Table toolbar with trigger for table personalization dialog

Persist the view settings. When a user reopens the app, show the analytical table with the same sort, filter, group, and aggregation settings as last defined by this user.

Sort

Always sort the table in a meaningful way when it first loads. In most cases, this means sorting by the column that identifies the row. This is usually the first column in the default delivery.

To display the current sort state, an icon is shown in the column header of the last sorted column. This icon indicates the sort direction (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, properties: sorted, sortOrder, sortProperty).

For the default sort setting, sort by the column that identifies the row, which is usually the first column in default delivery. Use a meaningful sort order, such as alphabetical order for text, numeric order for numbers, or chronological order for dates.

Column, sorted ascending
Column, sorted ascending
Column, sorted descending
Column, sorted descending

The descending sort order must always be the exact reverse of the ascending sort order.

For each column, provide a meaningful sort order. For example:

  • Sort text alphabetically
  • Sort numbers by their value
  • Sort status information by the severity of the status:
    • Ascending: Sort status information from positive to negative, with neutral last.
    • Descending: Sort status information from negative to positive, with neutral first.
Object status sorted ascending, with neutral status last
Object status sorted ascending, with neutral status last
Object status sorted descending, with neutral status first
Object status sorted descending, with neutral status first
    • Ascending with different values per severity level: Sort status information from positive to negative, with neutral last. Sort different values within a severity level (semantic color) alphabetically.
    • Descending with different values per severity level: Sort status information from negative to positive, with neutral first. Sort different values within a severity level (semantic color) alphabetically.
Object status sorted ascending and alphabetically, from positive to negative with neutral last
Object status sorted ascending and alphabetically, from positive to negative with neutral last
Object status sorted descending and alphabetically, from negative to positive with neutral first
Object status sorted descending and alphabetically, from negative to positive with neutral first

Filter

To display the current filter state, an icon is shown in the column header of the filtered column (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, properties: filtered, filterProperty, filterValue, filterOperator, defaultFilterOperator, filterType).

Column, filtered
Column, filtered

Group

To display the current group state, group headers are shown. Show the following text in the group header (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, properties: grouped, showIfGrouped, groupHeaderFormatter):

[Label of the grouped column]: [Grouping value]

If there is no grouping value, show the following text:
[Label of the grouped column]: (Not Available)

This is the case if you have a group of items that don’t have a value for the grouped column.

 

Set the property collapseRecursive to “false” to keep subgroups expanded even after collapsing and expanding the parent group.

Group headers, several levels
Group headers, several levels

On non-touch devices, right-clicking a group header opens the group header menu. On touch devices, the same menu is opened by using the menu icon on the right side of a group header.

The group header menu provides several options:

  • Show/Hide: Shows or hides the column in the table layout, although it is grouped.
  • Ungroup: When the user ungroups a column, the corresponding group headers disappear. If the column was hidden, it is shown again as a separate column.
  • Ungroup All: The columns are shown again.
  • Move Up: Rearranges the grouping levels hierarchy by moving the selected group above the group that is one level higher up in the hierarchy.
  • Move Down: Rearranges the grouping levels hierarchy by moving the selected group below the group that is one level lower down in the hierarchy.
  • Collapse Level: Collapses all groups on the corresponding grouping level.
  • Collapse All: All groups are collapsed.
Group header menu
Group header menu
Group header on touch devices
Group header on touch devices

In general:

  • Offer grouping on objects and attributes.
  • Do not offer grouping on measures.
  • If appropriate, offer reasonable grouping by default, but do not exaggerate. As a rule of thumb, use up to three group levels.
  • Provide more space for the first column. Grouping needs an indent per group level. Extra space in the first column prevents truncated text.

Aggregate

To display the current aggregation state, the total sum of the corresponding column is shown at the bottom of the table.

If items are grouped, an intermediate sum is shown:

  • At the bottom of each group if the group is expanded.
  • In the group header if the group is collapsed.

(sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn, property: summed)

When aggregating amounts with different units of measurement, show an asterisk (*) in the aggregation rows.

When sorting an aggregated column, only the leaf nodes of a group are included by default. If each measure column currently displays a single unit of measurement, the order of the groups can also be affected.

For example:
Let’s assume that table items are grouped by Country/Region and aggregated by Total Net Amount. If you sort the Total Net Amount column in descending order, the largest total net amount is shown first.

Warning
Only enable sorting by totals if each column has a single unit of measurement. This prevents inconsistencies in the sorting behavior, which depends on user settings, such as filter settings or the columns currently displayed.
Developer Hint
To allow sorting by totals, the following conditions must be met:

  1. For each measure column, multiple units must not occur in the displayed data, regardless of whether or not totals are shown.
  2. The autoExpandMode of the AnalyticalBinding must be set to Sequential. Note that the default is Bundled.

In general:

  • Offer aggregation on measures, but not on objects or attributes.
  • Avoid aggregations on the first three columns for the default delivery. As soon as grouping is used together with aggregations, collapsing a group shows the aggregation on the group header. This conflicts with the group name.
  • Where appropriate, offer reasonable aggregation by default.
Aggregation and groups
Aggregation and groups

Personalization

Only offer personalization if you need more columns than a tablet screen can display at any one time, which is usually five.

Persist the column layout. When a user reopens the app, show the analytical table with the same column layout settings as last defined by this user.

Add, Remove, and Rearrange Columns

To add, remove, or rearrange columns, use one of the following:

  • The table personalization dialog: It offers some simple settings for column layout. Use this if you have only a few columns to choose from and/or you use the view settings dialog.
  • The p13n dialog: Besides various complex view settings, it also provides settings for column layout. Use this if you have a large number of columns to choose from and/or you use this dialog anyway for view settings.

In both cases, trigger the dialog via the settings button in the table toolbar. As short cut, use CTRL+COMMA.

You can also use drag and drop to rearrange columns (sap.ui.table.Table, property: enableColumnReordering). If you allow rearranging via drag and drop as well as via a dialog, keep both places in sync.

Resize Columns

Resizing columns works differently on touch and non-touch devices.

  • Non-touch devices: Drag and drop the column separator on the right side of the column. Double-clicking the column separator optimizes the width of the column for the data currently loaded into the front end, which is usually about 100 rows.
  • Touch devices: Clicking the column header reveals two buttons: one for opening the column header menu, another one for resizing the column. Drag and drop this second button to resize the column.

Freeze Columns

For freezing columns, offer the setting in the column header menu (sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, property: enableColumnFreeze).

Selecting Freeze on a column freezes all columns from the first one to the one where Freeze is selected. On this column, the menu entry changes from Freeze to Unfreeze.

Frozen column
Frozen column

Highlight Items

To show that an item needs attention, you can display a highlight indicator in front of the item. The highlight indicator can be used to indicate:

  • A semantic state, such as red or orange for an error or warning. In this case, use semantic colors.
  • Additional information, such as blue to highlight newly added items. In this case, use semantic colors.
  • Industry-specific or process-specific states, such as “out of stock” or “excess of inventory”. In this case, use indication colors.

Be aware that the highlight is just an indication. It does not tell users exactly what is wrong. Make sure that you provide this information within the table row, ideally in the same color.

For details on the use of highlight colors, see How To Use Semantic Colors / Industry-Specific Colors.

(sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable, aggregation: rowSettingsTemplate)

Highlighted items
Highlighted items

Tables in Object Pages

In the object page, we advise against using analytical, grid, and tree tables. Instead, use a responsive table and offer navigation to a list report with the table types mentioned above.

For more information on the use of tables within the object page, see the Tables section of the Object Page article.

Export to Spreadsheet

On the table toolbar, apps can provide a menu button for exporting table data to a spreadsheet. For the export, use the export to spreadsheet function.

'Export to Spreadsheet' menu button
'Export to Spreadsheet' menu button

Properties

sap.ui.table.AnalyticalTable

The following additional properties are available for the analytical table:

  • The property: width defines the width of the analytical table.
  • The property: rowHeight defines the height of each row in the analytical table. Since the height required is calculated automatically by the analytical table, this property is only needed rarely.
  • The property: columnHeaderHeight defines the height of the column headers. Since the height required is calculated automatically by the analytical table, this property is only needed rarely.
  • The property: columnHeaderVisible can be used to hide the column headers. Always show the column headers.
  • The property: showColumnVisibilityMenu provides an additional entry in the column header menu that allows columns to be shown or hidden. In SAP Fiori, columns are shown and hidden via the table personalization dialog or via the table personalization dialog. Do not use this property.
  • The property: columnVisibilityMenuSorter is used for sorting the columns inside the column header menu if showing and hiding columns is provided in the menu. In SAP Fiori, columns are shown and hidden via the table personalization dialog or via the table personalization dialog. Do not use this property.
  • The property: visibleRowCount defines the height of the analytical table. Show as many rows as fit on the screen.
  • The property: visibleRowCountMode defines whether the height of the analytical table is fixed or automatically calculated based on the space provided by the underlying container. For automatic calculation, make sure that all rows have the same height.
  • The property: minimumAutoRowCount defines the minimum number of rows that must be shown if the property: visibleRowCountMode is set to “auto”. Show at least three to five rows.
  • The property: firstVisibleRow defines the first row shown in the visible area of the analytical table. The analytical table is scrolled accordingly.
  • The property: allowColumnReordering is deprecated. Use the property: enableColumnReordering instead.
  • The property: editable does not have a visible effect. Please do not use it.
  • The property: threshold is used for optimizing lazy loading of items. In most cases, the default value is appropriate.
  • The property: enableGrouping is experimental and does not have a meaningful effect on the analytical table. Do not use it.
  • The property: sumOnTop shows additional aggregation values on the group header, even if the group is expanded. Do not use it.
  • The property: enableCustomFilter changes the filter entry in the column header menu from an edit box to Filter…. Selecting this entry throws an event that apps can react to, for example, by opening a dialog. In general, you should choose the built-in filter over your own implementation. Specifically, keep filtering via the column header menu simple, while offering more advanced options via the table personalization dialog.
  • The property: enableBusyIndicator has not yet been fully implemented. Do not use it.
  • The property: title adds a line of text on top of the analytical table. Do not use it. To add a title to the table, use a toolbar.
  • The property: footer adds a short text at the bottom of the table.
  • The property: Busy sets the analytical table to busy state. While in busy state, the whole table cannot be used and items cannot be read due to an overlay.
  • The property: Tooltip does not have an effect. Do not use it.
  • The property: alternateRowColors displays the rows with alternating background colors (“banded rows”). Do not use it.

sap.ui.table.AnalyticalColumn

The following additional properties are available for the analytical column:

  • The property: leadingProperty is used for data binding.
  • The property: inResult is used for data binding.
  • The property: visible defines whether a column is shown or hidden.
  • The property: name defines the name shown in the column header menu for showing and hiding columns. In SAP Fiori, columns are shown and hidden via the table personalization dialog or via the table personalization dialog. Please do not use this property.
  • The property: headerSpan defines whether one column header is used for one or several columns. To prevent adverse side effects, always use one column header for only one single column. Please do not use this property.
  • The property: Tooltip does not have an effect. Please do not use it.

Resources

Want to dive deeper? Follow the links below to find out more about related controls, the SAPUI5 implementation, and the visual design.

Elements and Controls

Implementation